The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review

IntroductionThere is growing recognition of the potential of cannabis to treat various medical conditions and symptoms, such as chronic pain, spasticity, and epilepsy. However, one of the biggest challenges is the assurance of a standardized cannabis product that contains a consistent amount of its...

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Main Authors: Nadia A. Leen, Mikael A. Kowal, Albert Batalla, Matthijs G. Bossong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1411631/full
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author Nadia A. Leen
Mikael A. Kowal
Albert Batalla
Matthijs G. Bossong
Matthijs G. Bossong
author_facet Nadia A. Leen
Mikael A. Kowal
Albert Batalla
Matthijs G. Bossong
Matthijs G. Bossong
author_sort Nadia A. Leen
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThere is growing recognition of the potential of cannabis to treat various medical conditions and symptoms, such as chronic pain, spasticity, and epilepsy. However, one of the biggest challenges is the assurance of a standardized cannabis product that contains a consistent amount of its main psychoactive substances delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and which is compliant with predetermined specifications for these compounds. This is crucial not only to ensure consistent cannabis quality and dosage for patients but also to effectively translate research findings into clinical practice.MethodsThis systematic literature review provides an overview of the effects of standardized cannabis products from Bedrocan, a leading Dutch producer of pharmaceutical-quality standardized medicinal cannabis.ResultsCannabis administration to healthy volunteers induces dose-dependent acute effects, such as rapidly rising THC and CBD blood concentrations, the subjective experience of high and anxiety, slower reaction time and impaired attention, learning and working memory. Patient studies suggest that treatment with medicinal cannabis reduces pain intensity across a broad range of chronic pain-related medical conditions. Medicinal cannabis showed a mild safety profile, with minor and transient side effects, such as feeling high, coughing and mental confusion. The strength of acute effects, the experience of side effects and the drop-out rate in patient studies may depend on cannabis dose, cannabis composition (CBD:THC ratio), and cannabis use history of participants.ConclusionSafety and efficacy of standardized medicinal cannabis products should be further investigated in randomized clinical trials with sufficient sample size, with particular focus on cannabis dose and composition, age and differences between males and females.
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spelling doaj-art-262c211fb47540c0bc2cb51d7727edf82025-08-20T02:17:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-10-011510.3389/fphar.2024.14116311411631The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature reviewNadia A. Leen0Mikael A. Kowal1Albert Batalla2Matthijs G. Bossong3Matthijs G. Bossong4Bedrocan International BV, Clinical Research Unit, Utrecht, NetherlandsBedrocan International BV, Clinical Research Unit, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsBedrocan International BV, Clinical Research Unit, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsIntroductionThere is growing recognition of the potential of cannabis to treat various medical conditions and symptoms, such as chronic pain, spasticity, and epilepsy. However, one of the biggest challenges is the assurance of a standardized cannabis product that contains a consistent amount of its main psychoactive substances delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and which is compliant with predetermined specifications for these compounds. This is crucial not only to ensure consistent cannabis quality and dosage for patients but also to effectively translate research findings into clinical practice.MethodsThis systematic literature review provides an overview of the effects of standardized cannabis products from Bedrocan, a leading Dutch producer of pharmaceutical-quality standardized medicinal cannabis.ResultsCannabis administration to healthy volunteers induces dose-dependent acute effects, such as rapidly rising THC and CBD blood concentrations, the subjective experience of high and anxiety, slower reaction time and impaired attention, learning and working memory. Patient studies suggest that treatment with medicinal cannabis reduces pain intensity across a broad range of chronic pain-related medical conditions. Medicinal cannabis showed a mild safety profile, with minor and transient side effects, such as feeling high, coughing and mental confusion. The strength of acute effects, the experience of side effects and the drop-out rate in patient studies may depend on cannabis dose, cannabis composition (CBD:THC ratio), and cannabis use history of participants.ConclusionSafety and efficacy of standardized medicinal cannabis products should be further investigated in randomized clinical trials with sufficient sample size, with particular focus on cannabis dose and composition, age and differences between males and females.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1411631/fulltetrahydrocannabinol (THC)cannabidiol (CBD)Bedrocanmedicinal cannabischronic painside effects
spellingShingle Nadia A. Leen
Mikael A. Kowal
Albert Batalla
Matthijs G. Bossong
Matthijs G. Bossong
The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
Frontiers in Pharmacology
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
cannabidiol (CBD)
Bedrocan
medicinal cannabis
chronic pain
side effects
title The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
title_full The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
title_fullStr The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
title_short The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review
title_sort effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients a systematic literature review
topic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
cannabidiol (CBD)
Bedrocan
medicinal cannabis
chronic pain
side effects
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1411631/full
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