The Effects of Climate Change on <i>Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis</i> Habitats in the Northern Indian Ocean
The northern Indian Ocean is located in a typical monsoon region that is also influenced by climate events such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which makes <i>Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis</i> habitat highly susceptible to changes in climate and marine environmental conditions. This study...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/573 |
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| Summary: | The northern Indian Ocean is located in a typical monsoon region that is also influenced by climate events such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which makes <i>Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis</i> habitat highly susceptible to changes in climate and marine environmental conditions. This study established a suitability index (SI) model and used the arithmetic average method to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability index (HSI) model based on <i>S. oualaniensis</i> production statistics in the northern Indian Ocean from 2017 to 2019. Variations in the suitability of <i>S. oualaniensis</i> habitat during different IOD events were then analyzed. The results indicate that the model performed best when year, month, latitude, longitude, sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed (WS), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) variables were included in the generalized additive model (GAM). SST, WS, and PAR were identified as the most important key environmental factors. The HSI model showed that the most suitable habitat during a positive IOD event was smaller than during a negative IOD event and that the suitable habitat’s center was located west of the positive IOD event and east of the negative IOD event. There was a significant inverse relationship between the area, suitable for habitation, and the north–south shift in the latitudinal gravity center and the Dipole modal index (DMI). The results indicate significant differences in the habitat of <i>S. oualaniensis</i> in the northern Indian Ocean during different IOD events, as well as differences in suitable habitat ranges and the spatial distribution of the species. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2615 |