The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer

Frailty and myosteatosis are each prognostic of all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with cancer. However, it is unclear whether myosteatosis adds value to frailty for predicting ACM. We assessed whether myosteatosis improves the predictive ability of frailty for ACM in older adults undergoing chem...

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Main Authors: Efthymios Papadopoulos, Andy Kin On Wong, Sharon Hiu Ching Law, Sarah Costa, Angela M. Cheung, Dmitry Rozenberg, Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Current Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/12/578
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author Efthymios Papadopoulos
Andy Kin On Wong
Sharon Hiu Ching Law
Sarah Costa
Angela M. Cheung
Dmitry Rozenberg
Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
author_facet Efthymios Papadopoulos
Andy Kin On Wong
Sharon Hiu Ching Law
Sarah Costa
Angela M. Cheung
Dmitry Rozenberg
Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
author_sort Efthymios Papadopoulos
collection DOAJ
description Frailty and myosteatosis are each prognostic of all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with cancer. However, it is unclear whether myosteatosis adds value to frailty for predicting ACM. We assessed whether myosteatosis improves the predictive ability of frailty for ACM in older adults undergoing chemotherapy. This was a retrospective study of older adults (≥65 years) initiating chemotherapy between June 2015 and June 2022. Frailty was assessed using a 24-item frailty index (FI). Myosteatosis was evaluated via computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3).. Multivariable Cox regression and Uno’s c-statistic determined the predictive performance of the FI and myosteatosis. In total, 115 participants (mean age: 77.1 years) were included. Frailty alone (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) = 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.03–2.72, <i>p</i> = 0.037) and myosteatosis alone (aHR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.07–4.30, <i>p</i> = 0.032) exhibited similar performance (c-statistic = 0.66) in predicting ACM in multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and treatment intent. However, the highest predictive performance for ACM was observed after inclusion of both myosteatosis and frailty in the multivariable model (c-statistic = 0.70). Myosteatosis improves the performance of frailty for predicting ACM in older adults with cancer. Prospective studies to assess the effect of exercise on myosteatosis in older patients are warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-25fee3437e6247deafee6bd4ed0370922025-08-20T02:50:59ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292024-12-0131127852786210.3390/curroncol31120578The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with CancerEfthymios Papadopoulos0Andy Kin On Wong1Sharon Hiu Ching Law2Sarah Costa3Angela M. Cheung4Dmitry Rozenberg5Shabbir M. H. Alibhai6School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USACentre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaCentre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaCentre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaCentre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaToronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaFrailty and myosteatosis are each prognostic of all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with cancer. However, it is unclear whether myosteatosis adds value to frailty for predicting ACM. We assessed whether myosteatosis improves the predictive ability of frailty for ACM in older adults undergoing chemotherapy. This was a retrospective study of older adults (≥65 years) initiating chemotherapy between June 2015 and June 2022. Frailty was assessed using a 24-item frailty index (FI). Myosteatosis was evaluated via computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3).. Multivariable Cox regression and Uno’s c-statistic determined the predictive performance of the FI and myosteatosis. In total, 115 participants (mean age: 77.1 years) were included. Frailty alone (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) = 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.03–2.72, <i>p</i> = 0.037) and myosteatosis alone (aHR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.07–4.30, <i>p</i> = 0.032) exhibited similar performance (c-statistic = 0.66) in predicting ACM in multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and treatment intent. However, the highest predictive performance for ACM was observed after inclusion of both myosteatosis and frailty in the multivariable model (c-statistic = 0.70). Myosteatosis improves the performance of frailty for predicting ACM in older adults with cancer. Prospective studies to assess the effect of exercise on myosteatosis in older patients are warranted.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/12/578frailtymyosteatosismuscle densitysurvivalcancerolder adults
spellingShingle Efthymios Papadopoulos
Andy Kin On Wong
Sharon Hiu Ching Law
Sarah Costa
Angela M. Cheung
Dmitry Rozenberg
Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
Current Oncology
frailty
myosteatosis
muscle density
survival
cancer
older adults
title The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
title_full The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
title_fullStr The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
title_short The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer
title_sort role of frailty and myosteatosis in predicting all cause mortality in older adults with cancer
topic frailty
myosteatosis
muscle density
survival
cancer
older adults
url https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/12/578
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