Asymptotic vectors of entire curves

We introduce a concept of asymptotic vector of an entire curve with linearly independent components and without common zeros and investigate a relationship between the asymptotic vectors and the Picard exceptional vectors. A non-zero vector $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_p)\in \mathbb{C}^{p}$ is cal...

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Main Authors: Ya.I. Savchuk, A.I. Bandura
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 2021-10-01
Series:Математичні Студії
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Online Access:http://matstud.org.ua/ojs/index.php/matstud/article/view/254
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author Ya.I. Savchuk
A.I. Bandura
author_facet Ya.I. Savchuk
A.I. Bandura
author_sort Ya.I. Savchuk
collection DOAJ
description We introduce a concept of asymptotic vector of an entire curve with linearly independent components and without common zeros and investigate a relationship between the asymptotic vectors and the Picard exceptional vectors. A non-zero vector $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_p)\in \mathbb{C}^{p}$ is called an asymptotic vector for the entire curve $\vec{G}(z)=(g_1(z),g_2(z),\ldots,g_p(z))$ if there exists a continuous curve $L: \mathbb{R}_+\to \mathbb{C}$ given by an equation $z=z\left(t\right)$, $0\le t<\infty $, $\left|z\left(t\right)\right|<\infty $, $z\left(t\right)\to \infty $ as $t\to \infty $ such that $$\lim\limits_{\stackrel{z\to\infty}{z\in L}} \frac{\vec{G}(z)\vec{a} }{\big\|\vec{G}(z)\big\|}=\lim\limits_{t\to\infty} \frac{\vec{G}(z(t))\vec{a} }{\big\|\vec{G}(z(t))\big\|} =0,$$ where $\big\|\vec{G}(z)\big\|=\big(|g_1(z)|^2+\ldots +|g_p(z)|^2\big)^{1/2}$, $\vec{G}(z)\vec{a}=g_1(z)\cdot\bar{a}_1+g_2(z)\cdot\bar{a}_2+\ldots+g_p(z)\cdot\bar{a}_p$. A non-zero vector $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_p)\in \mathbb{C}^{p}$ is called a Picard exceptional vector of an entire curve $\vec{G}(z)$ if the function $\vec{G}(z)\vec{a}$ has a finite number of zeros in $\left\{\left|z\right|<\infty \right\}$. We prove that any Picard exceptional vector of transcendental entire curve with linearly independent com\-po\-nents and without common zeros is an asymptotic vector. Here we de\-mon\-stra\-te that the exceptional vectors in the sense of Borel or Nevanlina and, moreover, in the sense of Valiron do not have to be asymptotic. For this goal we use an example of meromorphic function of finite positive order, for which $\infty $ is no asymptotic value, but it is the Nevanlinna exceptional value. This function is constructed in known Goldberg and Ostrovskii's monograph ``Value Distribution of Meromorphic Functions''. Other our result describes sufficient conditions providing that some vectors are asymptotic for transcendental entire curve of finite order with linearly independent components and without common zeros. In this result, we require that the order of the Nevanlinna counting function for this curve and for each such a vector is less than order of the curve. At the end of paper we formulate three unsolved problems concerning asymptotic vectors of entire curve.
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spelling doaj-art-25fa449105834371ab4a93c09da4ec1a2025-08-20T03:17:42ZdeuIvan Franko National University of LvivМатематичні Студії1027-46342411-06202021-10-01561485410.30970/ms.56.1.48-54254Asymptotic vectors of entire curvesYa.I. Savchuk0A.I. Bandura1Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and GasIvano-Frankivsk National Tecnical University of OIl and GasWe introduce a concept of asymptotic vector of an entire curve with linearly independent components and without common zeros and investigate a relationship between the asymptotic vectors and the Picard exceptional vectors. A non-zero vector $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_p)\in \mathbb{C}^{p}$ is called an asymptotic vector for the entire curve $\vec{G}(z)=(g_1(z),g_2(z),\ldots,g_p(z))$ if there exists a continuous curve $L: \mathbb{R}_+\to \mathbb{C}$ given by an equation $z=z\left(t\right)$, $0\le t<\infty $, $\left|z\left(t\right)\right|<\infty $, $z\left(t\right)\to \infty $ as $t\to \infty $ such that $$\lim\limits_{\stackrel{z\to\infty}{z\in L}} \frac{\vec{G}(z)\vec{a} }{\big\|\vec{G}(z)\big\|}=\lim\limits_{t\to\infty} \frac{\vec{G}(z(t))\vec{a} }{\big\|\vec{G}(z(t))\big\|} =0,$$ where $\big\|\vec{G}(z)\big\|=\big(|g_1(z)|^2+\ldots +|g_p(z)|^2\big)^{1/2}$, $\vec{G}(z)\vec{a}=g_1(z)\cdot\bar{a}_1+g_2(z)\cdot\bar{a}_2+\ldots+g_p(z)\cdot\bar{a}_p$. A non-zero vector $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_p)\in \mathbb{C}^{p}$ is called a Picard exceptional vector of an entire curve $\vec{G}(z)$ if the function $\vec{G}(z)\vec{a}$ has a finite number of zeros in $\left\{\left|z\right|<\infty \right\}$. We prove that any Picard exceptional vector of transcendental entire curve with linearly independent com\-po\-nents and without common zeros is an asymptotic vector. Here we de\-mon\-stra\-te that the exceptional vectors in the sense of Borel or Nevanlina and, moreover, in the sense of Valiron do not have to be asymptotic. For this goal we use an example of meromorphic function of finite positive order, for which $\infty $ is no asymptotic value, but it is the Nevanlinna exceptional value. This function is constructed in known Goldberg and Ostrovskii's monograph ``Value Distribution of Meromorphic Functions''. Other our result describes sufficient conditions providing that some vectors are asymptotic for transcendental entire curve of finite order with linearly independent components and without common zeros. In this result, we require that the order of the Nevanlinna counting function for this curve and for each such a vector is less than order of the curve. At the end of paper we formulate three unsolved problems concerning asymptotic vectors of entire curve.http://matstud.org.ua/ojs/index.php/matstud/article/view/254entire curve;picard exceptional vector;asymptotic vector;meromorphic function;asymptotic value;picard exceptional value
spellingShingle Ya.I. Savchuk
A.I. Bandura
Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
Математичні Студії
entire curve;
picard exceptional vector;
asymptotic vector;
meromorphic function;
asymptotic value;
picard exceptional value
title Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
title_full Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
title_fullStr Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
title_full_unstemmed Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
title_short Asymptotic vectors of entire curves
title_sort asymptotic vectors of entire curves
topic entire curve;
picard exceptional vector;
asymptotic vector;
meromorphic function;
asymptotic value;
picard exceptional value
url http://matstud.org.ua/ojs/index.php/matstud/article/view/254
work_keys_str_mv AT yaisavchuk asymptoticvectorsofentirecurves
AT aibandura asymptoticvectorsofentirecurves