External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review

Abstract The continuous evolution of technology leads to increased application in health care. In recent years various efforts have been made in the treatment of cancer, including hyperthermia, but cancer remains a research subject worldwide. However, microwave hyperthermia has been an active area o...

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Main Authors: Soni Singh, Surya Pratap Singh, S. P. Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06621-1
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author Soni Singh
Surya Pratap Singh
S. P. Singh
author_facet Soni Singh
Surya Pratap Singh
S. P. Singh
author_sort Soni Singh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The continuous evolution of technology leads to increased application in health care. In recent years various efforts have been made in the treatment of cancer, including hyperthermia, but cancer remains a research subject worldwide. However, microwave hyperthermia has been an active area of research due to its advantages of focused heating of cancerous tissue while minimally affecting normal tissue. External hyperthermia applicators are designed and optimized to non-invasively couple microwave energy to the human body or other biological systems to kill cancerous cells and enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. These applicators need to meet various characteristics to make them suitable for the said applications, the most essential of which are applicator size, minimum leakage radiation, focused near field, and deep penetration. Many works are available in the literature for the hyperthermia applicator design, but none explores the large number of external applicators for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. This paper presents an extensive exploration of the development of external applicators (i.e., waveguide and planar) with a detailed investigation of the antenna element performance available for hyperthermia applications. This study attempts to identify the physiological and biological factors that affect the efficacy of efficient hyperthermia applicator design.
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spelling doaj-art-25de7d0b8c8b41d88046512ddf1febd02025-08-20T02:59:54ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-03-017312510.1007/s42452-025-06621-1External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a reviewSoni Singh0Surya Pratap Singh1S. P. Singh2University Department of Electronic Science, B. R. A. Bihar UniversityUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)Abstract The continuous evolution of technology leads to increased application in health care. In recent years various efforts have been made in the treatment of cancer, including hyperthermia, but cancer remains a research subject worldwide. However, microwave hyperthermia has been an active area of research due to its advantages of focused heating of cancerous tissue while minimally affecting normal tissue. External hyperthermia applicators are designed and optimized to non-invasively couple microwave energy to the human body or other biological systems to kill cancerous cells and enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. These applicators need to meet various characteristics to make them suitable for the said applications, the most essential of which are applicator size, minimum leakage radiation, focused near field, and deep penetration. Many works are available in the literature for the hyperthermia applicator design, but none explores the large number of external applicators for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. This paper presents an extensive exploration of the development of external applicators (i.e., waveguide and planar) with a detailed investigation of the antenna element performance available for hyperthermia applications. This study attempts to identify the physiological and biological factors that affect the efficacy of efficient hyperthermia applicator design.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06621-1Non-invasive applicatorHyperthermiaMicrowaveCancerAntenna design
spellingShingle Soni Singh
Surya Pratap Singh
S. P. Singh
External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
Discover Applied Sciences
Non-invasive applicator
Hyperthermia
Microwave
Cancer
Antenna design
title External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
title_full External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
title_fullStr External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
title_full_unstemmed External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
title_short External microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy: a review
title_sort external microwave applicators for hyperthermia therapy a review
topic Non-invasive applicator
Hyperthermia
Microwave
Cancer
Antenna design
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06621-1
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