BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression

Abstract Background Bone nonunion is a major complication in fracture treatment. Despite considerable advancements in fracture care, 5–10% of fractures result in nonunion; This demonstrates the requirement for novel molecules to enhance fracture healing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has...

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Main Authors: Weihao Meng, Xiao Meng, Chenghua Han, Yuhe Li, Xiwen Qian, Zitao Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11594-7
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author Weihao Meng
Xiao Meng
Chenghua Han
Yuhe Li
Xiwen Qian
Zitao Zhang
author_facet Weihao Meng
Xiao Meng
Chenghua Han
Yuhe Li
Xiwen Qian
Zitao Zhang
author_sort Weihao Meng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Bone nonunion is a major complication in fracture treatment. Despite considerable advancements in fracture care, 5–10% of fractures result in nonunion; This demonstrates the requirement for novel molecules to enhance fracture healing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been increasingly recognized for its role in fracture healing; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Osteoblast proliferation and migration are critical to this process. The nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 gene (NUCKS1), located on human chromosome 1 at 1q32.1, encodes a 27-kDa nuclear DNA-binding protein, which influences cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis strongly. Although NUCKS1 is implicated in various diseases, its specific role in fracture healing remains unclear. Here, we explored whether NUCKS1 participates in the BDNF-mediated fracture-healing process. Methods We assessed NUCKS1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells and callus from closed femoral fracture mice through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. NUCKS1 inhibition in MC3T3-E1 cells in terms of migration and proliferation changes was evaluated through transwell cell migration and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Fracture-healing status in mice was assessed through x-ray and micro-CT imaging 2 weeks after fracture. Results BDNF promoted NUCKS1 expression in both MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse callus tissues. NUCKS1 inhibition reduced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and migration and impaired fracture healing in mice. Finally, suppression of TrkB expression reduces both Akt phosphorylation and NUCKS1 expression, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation reduces NUCKS1 expression. Conclusion BDNF may enhance NUCKS1 expression through the TrkB-mediated Akt pathway, promoting osteoblast proliferation and migration and facilitating fracture healing.
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spelling doaj-art-25d87908da4346d793c403000bc215fc2025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-11594-7BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expressionWeihao Meng0Xiao Meng1Chenghua Han2Yuhe Li3Xiwen Qian4Zitao Zhang5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Background Bone nonunion is a major complication in fracture treatment. Despite considerable advancements in fracture care, 5–10% of fractures result in nonunion; This demonstrates the requirement for novel molecules to enhance fracture healing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been increasingly recognized for its role in fracture healing; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Osteoblast proliferation and migration are critical to this process. The nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 gene (NUCKS1), located on human chromosome 1 at 1q32.1, encodes a 27-kDa nuclear DNA-binding protein, which influences cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis strongly. Although NUCKS1 is implicated in various diseases, its specific role in fracture healing remains unclear. Here, we explored whether NUCKS1 participates in the BDNF-mediated fracture-healing process. Methods We assessed NUCKS1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells and callus from closed femoral fracture mice through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. NUCKS1 inhibition in MC3T3-E1 cells in terms of migration and proliferation changes was evaluated through transwell cell migration and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Fracture-healing status in mice was assessed through x-ray and micro-CT imaging 2 weeks after fracture. Results BDNF promoted NUCKS1 expression in both MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse callus tissues. NUCKS1 inhibition reduced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and migration and impaired fracture healing in mice. Finally, suppression of TrkB expression reduces both Akt phosphorylation and NUCKS1 expression, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation reduces NUCKS1 expression. Conclusion BDNF may enhance NUCKS1 expression through the TrkB-mediated Akt pathway, promoting osteoblast proliferation and migration and facilitating fracture healing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11594-7BDNFNUCKS1Fracture healingProliferationMigration
spellingShingle Weihao Meng
Xiao Meng
Chenghua Han
Yuhe Li
Xiwen Qian
Zitao Zhang
BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
Scientific Reports
BDNF
NUCKS1
Fracture healing
Proliferation
Migration
title BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
title_full BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
title_fullStr BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
title_full_unstemmed BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
title_short BDNF improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb/akt regulated NUCKS1 expression
title_sort bdnf improves fracture healing through promoting osteoblasts proliferation and migration via trkb akt regulated nucks1 expression
topic BDNF
NUCKS1
Fracture healing
Proliferation
Migration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11594-7
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