An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots

This study addresses the multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem for logistics robots operating in zone-picking warehouse environments. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, logistics robots are increasingly deployed to manage high-volume order fulfillment. How...

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Main Authors: Byoungho Choi, Minkyu Kim, Heungseob Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1770
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author Byoungho Choi
Minkyu Kim
Heungseob Kim
author_facet Byoungho Choi
Minkyu Kim
Heungseob Kim
author_sort Byoungho Choi
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem for logistics robots operating in zone-picking warehouse environments. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, logistics robots are increasingly deployed to manage high-volume order fulfillment. However, efficiently assigning tasks to multiple robots is a complex and computationally intensive problem. To address this, we propose a five-step optimization framework that reduces computation time while maintaining practical applicability. The first step calculates and stores distances and paths between product locations using the A* algorithm, enabling reuse in subsequent computations. The second step performs hierarchical clustering of orders based on spatial similarity and capacity constraints to reduce the problem size. In the third step, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is formulated to determine the optimal execution sequence within each cluster. The fourth step uses a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to allocate clusters to robots while minimizing the overall makespan. Finally, the fifth step incorporates battery constraints by optimizing the task sequence and partial charging schedule for each robot. Numerical experiments were conducted using up to 1000 orders and 100 robots, and the results confirmed that the proposed method is scalable and effective for large-scale scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-25cea7cfd000483b9518aa78596a5dab2025-08-20T03:46:50ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-05-011311177010.3390/math13111770An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics RobotsByoungho Choi0Minkyu Kim1Heungseob Kim2Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon-si 51140, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon-si 51140, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon-si 51140, Republic of KoreaThis study addresses the multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem for logistics robots operating in zone-picking warehouse environments. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, logistics robots are increasingly deployed to manage high-volume order fulfillment. However, efficiently assigning tasks to multiple robots is a complex and computationally intensive problem. To address this, we propose a five-step optimization framework that reduces computation time while maintaining practical applicability. The first step calculates and stores distances and paths between product locations using the A* algorithm, enabling reuse in subsequent computations. The second step performs hierarchical clustering of orders based on spatial similarity and capacity constraints to reduce the problem size. In the third step, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is formulated to determine the optimal execution sequence within each cluster. The fourth step uses a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to allocate clusters to robots while minimizing the overall makespan. Finally, the fifth step incorporates battery constraints by optimizing the task sequence and partial charging schedule for each robot. Numerical experiments were conducted using up to 1000 orders and 100 robots, and the results confirmed that the proposed method is scalable and effective for large-scale scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1770logistics robotsmulti-robot task allocation (MRTA)zone-picking warehousetask allocation and scheduling
spellingShingle Byoungho Choi
Minkyu Kim
Heungseob Kim
An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
Mathematics
logistics robots
multi-robot task allocation (MRTA)
zone-picking warehouse
task allocation and scheduling
title An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
title_full An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
title_fullStr An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
title_full_unstemmed An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
title_short An Optimization Framework for Allocating and Scheduling Multiple Tasks of Multiple Logistics Robots
title_sort optimization framework for allocating and scheduling multiple tasks of multiple logistics robots
topic logistics robots
multi-robot task allocation (MRTA)
zone-picking warehouse
task allocation and scheduling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1770
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