Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery
Abstract Purpose To summarize knowledge about the effects of experimental and iatrogenic hypothermia on ocular structures, with a specific focus on retinal consequences and therapeutical perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery. Materials and methods This review of the literature includes a section on...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00667-4 |
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| author | Emanuele Crincoli Matteo Mario Carlà Alfonso Savastano Mariacristina Savastano Raphael Kilian Clara Rizzo Tomaso Caporossi Stanislao Rizzo |
| author_facet | Emanuele Crincoli Matteo Mario Carlà Alfonso Savastano Mariacristina Savastano Raphael Kilian Clara Rizzo Tomaso Caporossi Stanislao Rizzo |
| author_sort | Emanuele Crincoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose To summarize knowledge about the effects of experimental and iatrogenic hypothermia on ocular structures, with a specific focus on retinal consequences and therapeutical perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery. Materials and methods This review of the literature includes a section on the effects of low temperature on different ocular structures (sclera, choroid, retina, vitreous and ciliary body), a focus on the effect on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal neurons and inflammation and a section about results of vitreoretinal surgery performed at low temperature. In vitro, animal and human studies were included. Results Temperature changes induce several regulatory responses within the eye, including modifications of intraocular pressure (IOP), local blood flow, cytokine secretion and cellular metabolism. Cooling of retinal structures has been demonstrated to induce beneficial effects including increased survival of RPE and retinal neurons. Vitreoretinal surgery performed at lower intraocular temperatures has shown positive effect on postoperative inflammation, even though the rebound effect of a sudden postoperative temperature increase seems to be detrimental. Conclusions Despite being a promising approach, vitreoretinal surgery performed under lower intraocular temperature conditions deserves refinement in its methodologies. Hopefully, new randomized clinical trials will provide indications on how to apply this technique in the safest and most effective way. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25ce763833644861b64bf49fc17e0481 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2056-9920 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
| spelling | doaj-art-25ce763833644861b64bf49fc17e04812025-08-20T03:18:42ZengBMCInternational Journal of Retina and Vitreous2056-99202025-04-011111710.1186/s40942-025-00667-4Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgeryEmanuele Crincoli0Matteo Mario Carlà1Alfonso Savastano2Mariacristina Savastano3Raphael Kilian4Clara Rizzo5Tomaso Caporossi6Stanislao Rizzo7Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”Ophthalmology Unit, University of VeronaDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of PisaVitreoretinal Surgery Unit, Isola Tiberina Gemelli Isola HospitalOphthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”Abstract Purpose To summarize knowledge about the effects of experimental and iatrogenic hypothermia on ocular structures, with a specific focus on retinal consequences and therapeutical perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery. Materials and methods This review of the literature includes a section on the effects of low temperature on different ocular structures (sclera, choroid, retina, vitreous and ciliary body), a focus on the effect on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal neurons and inflammation and a section about results of vitreoretinal surgery performed at low temperature. In vitro, animal and human studies were included. Results Temperature changes induce several regulatory responses within the eye, including modifications of intraocular pressure (IOP), local blood flow, cytokine secretion and cellular metabolism. Cooling of retinal structures has been demonstrated to induce beneficial effects including increased survival of RPE and retinal neurons. Vitreoretinal surgery performed at lower intraocular temperatures has shown positive effect on postoperative inflammation, even though the rebound effect of a sudden postoperative temperature increase seems to be detrimental. Conclusions Despite being a promising approach, vitreoretinal surgery performed under lower intraocular temperature conditions deserves refinement in its methodologies. Hopefully, new randomized clinical trials will provide indications on how to apply this technique in the safest and most effective way.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00667-4TemperatureHypothermiaRetinaRetinal pigment epitheliumGanglion cellsChoroid |
| spellingShingle | Emanuele Crincoli Matteo Mario Carlà Alfonso Savastano Mariacristina Savastano Raphael Kilian Clara Rizzo Tomaso Caporossi Stanislao Rizzo Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery International Journal of Retina and Vitreous Temperature Hypothermia Retina Retinal pigment epithelium Ganglion cells Choroid |
| title | Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| title_full | Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| title_fullStr | Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| title_short | Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| title_sort | effects of ocular hypothermia potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery |
| topic | Temperature Hypothermia Retina Retinal pigment epithelium Ganglion cells Choroid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00667-4 |
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