Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm

Sarez Lake, situated at one of the highest altitudes among naturally dammed lakes, is regarded as potentially hazardous due to its geological setting. Therefore, developing an integrated monitoring and risk assessment framework for slope-related geological hazards in this region holds significant sc...

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Main Authors: Yang Yu, Changming Zhu, Majid Gulayozov, Junli Li, Bingqian Chen, Qian Shen, Hao Zhou, Wen Xiao, Jafar Niyazov, Aminjon Gulakhmadov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2300
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author Yang Yu
Changming Zhu
Majid Gulayozov
Junli Li
Bingqian Chen
Qian Shen
Hao Zhou
Wen Xiao
Jafar Niyazov
Aminjon Gulakhmadov
author_facet Yang Yu
Changming Zhu
Majid Gulayozov
Junli Li
Bingqian Chen
Qian Shen
Hao Zhou
Wen Xiao
Jafar Niyazov
Aminjon Gulakhmadov
author_sort Yang Yu
collection DOAJ
description Sarez Lake, situated at one of the highest altitudes among naturally dammed lakes, is regarded as potentially hazardous due to its geological setting. Therefore, developing an integrated monitoring and risk assessment framework for slope-related geological hazards in this region holds significant scientific and practical value. In this study, we processed 220 Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired between 12 March 2017 and 2 August 2024, using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to extract time-series deformation data with millimeter-level precision. These deformation measurements were combined with key environmental factors to construct a susceptibility evaluation model based on the Information Value and Support Vector Machine (IV-SVM) methods. The results revealed a distinct spatial deformation pattern, characterized by greater activity in the western region than in the east. The maximum deformation rate along the shoreline increased from 280 mm/yr to 480 mm/yr, with a marked acceleration observed between 2022 and 2023. Geohazard susceptibility in the Sarez Lake area exhibits a stepped gradient: the proportion of area classified as extremely high susceptibility is 15.26%, decreasing to 29.05% for extremely low susceptibility; meanwhile, the density of recorded hazard sites declines from 0.1798 to 0.0050 events per km<sup>2</sup>. The spatial configuration is characterized by high susceptibility on both flanks, a central low, and convergence of hazardous zones at the front and distal ends with a central expansion. These findings suggest that mitigation efforts should prioritize the detailed monitoring and remediation of steep lakeside slopes and fault-associated fracture zones. This study provides a robust scientific and technical foundation for the emergency warning and disaster management of high-altitude barrier lakes, which is applicable even in data-limited contexts.
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spelling doaj-art-25ba01e9983e4b3792d178539dd358f12025-08-20T03:16:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011713230010.3390/rs17132300Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM AlgorithmYang Yu0Changming Zhu1Majid Gulayozov2Junli Li3Bingqian Chen4Qian Shen5Hao Zhou6Wen Xiao7Jafar Niyazov8Aminjon Gulakhmadov9School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaResearch Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Dushanbe), Dushanbe 731063, TajikistanState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaSchool of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaInstitute of Water Problems, Hydropower, and Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734042, TajikistanState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaSarez Lake, situated at one of the highest altitudes among naturally dammed lakes, is regarded as potentially hazardous due to its geological setting. Therefore, developing an integrated monitoring and risk assessment framework for slope-related geological hazards in this region holds significant scientific and practical value. In this study, we processed 220 Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired between 12 March 2017 and 2 August 2024, using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to extract time-series deformation data with millimeter-level precision. These deformation measurements were combined with key environmental factors to construct a susceptibility evaluation model based on the Information Value and Support Vector Machine (IV-SVM) methods. The results revealed a distinct spatial deformation pattern, characterized by greater activity in the western region than in the east. The maximum deformation rate along the shoreline increased from 280 mm/yr to 480 mm/yr, with a marked acceleration observed between 2022 and 2023. Geohazard susceptibility in the Sarez Lake area exhibits a stepped gradient: the proportion of area classified as extremely high susceptibility is 15.26%, decreasing to 29.05% for extremely low susceptibility; meanwhile, the density of recorded hazard sites declines from 0.1798 to 0.0050 events per km<sup>2</sup>. The spatial configuration is characterized by high susceptibility on both flanks, a central low, and convergence of hazardous zones at the front and distal ends with a central expansion. These findings suggest that mitigation efforts should prioritize the detailed monitoring and remediation of steep lakeside slopes and fault-associated fracture zones. This study provides a robust scientific and technical foundation for the emergency warning and disaster management of high-altitude barrier lakes, which is applicable even in data-limited contexts.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2300Sarezbarrier lakesusceptibility assessmentInSARSentinel-1
spellingShingle Yang Yu
Changming Zhu
Majid Gulayozov
Junli Li
Bingqian Chen
Qian Shen
Hao Zhou
Wen Xiao
Jafar Niyazov
Aminjon Gulakhmadov
Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
Remote Sensing
Sarez
barrier lake
susceptibility assessment
InSAR
Sentinel-1
title Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
title_full Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
title_fullStr Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
title_short Monitoring and Assessment of Slope Hazards Susceptibility Around Sarez Lake in the Pamir by Integrating Small Baseline Subset InSAR with an Improved SVM Algorithm
title_sort monitoring and assessment of slope hazards susceptibility around sarez lake in the pamir by integrating small baseline subset insar with an improved svm algorithm
topic Sarez
barrier lake
susceptibility assessment
InSAR
Sentinel-1
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2300
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