Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells

The impact of the isoxazole derivative of usnic acid, ISOXUS (formerly known as 2b) on cancer and non-cancerous cell metabolism was investigated. ISOXUS significantly reduced the utilisation of most metabolic substrates that produce NADH or FADH2, mitochondrial electron flow and oxygen consumption r...

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Main Authors: Agnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska, Anna-Karina Kaczorowska, Artur Giełdoń, Alicja Braczko, Ryszard T. Smoleński, Jędrzej Antosiewicz, Tristan A. Reekie, Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2465575
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author Agnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska
Anna-Karina Kaczorowska
Artur Giełdoń
Alicja Braczko
Ryszard T. Smoleński
Jędrzej Antosiewicz
Tristan A. Reekie
Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
author_facet Agnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska
Anna-Karina Kaczorowska
Artur Giełdoń
Alicja Braczko
Ryszard T. Smoleński
Jędrzej Antosiewicz
Tristan A. Reekie
Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
author_sort Agnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska
collection DOAJ
description The impact of the isoxazole derivative of usnic acid, ISOXUS (formerly known as 2b) on cancer and non-cancerous cell metabolism was investigated. ISOXUS significantly reduced the utilisation of most metabolic substrates that produce NADH or FADH2, mitochondrial electron flow and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in contrast to HB2 normal epithelial cells. Molecular docking revealed that ISOXUS inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, which was confirmed experimentally. Disturbance of electron flow in MCF-7 cells resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. They appeared crucial for ISOXUS-induced cancer cell vacuolization and a drop in survival as an antioxidant, α-tocopherol, protected against these processes. These findings indicate that ISOXUS is a metabolic inhibitor that targets mitochondrial complex II in breast cancer cells resulting in diminished ATP production and increased ROS formation which translates into reduced cell viability.
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series Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-25b9b6ea72ef4bd099219202115a38ed2025-08-20T02:30:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry1475-63661475-63742025-12-0140110.1080/14756366.2025.2465575Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cellsAgnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska0Anna-Karina Kaczorowska1Artur Giełdoń2Alicja Braczko3Ryszard T. Smoleński4Jędrzej Antosiewicz5Tristan A. Reekie6Anna Herman-Antosiewicz7Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Biology, Collection of Plasmids and Microorganisms, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Bioenergetics and Exercise Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandSchool of Science, University of New South Wales Canberra, Canberra, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandThe impact of the isoxazole derivative of usnic acid, ISOXUS (formerly known as 2b) on cancer and non-cancerous cell metabolism was investigated. ISOXUS significantly reduced the utilisation of most metabolic substrates that produce NADH or FADH2, mitochondrial electron flow and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in contrast to HB2 normal epithelial cells. Molecular docking revealed that ISOXUS inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, which was confirmed experimentally. Disturbance of electron flow in MCF-7 cells resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. They appeared crucial for ISOXUS-induced cancer cell vacuolization and a drop in survival as an antioxidant, α-tocopherol, protected against these processes. These findings indicate that ISOXUS is a metabolic inhibitor that targets mitochondrial complex II in breast cancer cells resulting in diminished ATP production and increased ROS formation which translates into reduced cell viability.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2465575Lichensusnic acidbreast cancerelectron transport chaincomplex II
spellingShingle Agnieszka Pyrczak-Felczykowska
Anna-Karina Kaczorowska
Artur Giełdoń
Alicja Braczko
Ryszard T. Smoleński
Jędrzej Antosiewicz
Tristan A. Reekie
Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
Lichens
usnic acid
breast cancer
electron transport chain
complex II
title Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
title_full Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
title_fullStr Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
title_full_unstemmed Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
title_short Natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
title_sort natural product as a lead for impairing mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells
topic Lichens
usnic acid
breast cancer
electron transport chain
complex II
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2465575
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