Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance
Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplantation (LT) is associated with significant adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, metabolic complications, and heightened risk of infection or malignancy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a promising target for inducing immune tolerance in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Society for Transplantation
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Clinical Transplantation and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ctrjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.4285/ctr.24.0059 |
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| author | Ji Won Han Su-Hyung Park |
| author_facet | Ji Won Han Su-Hyung Park |
| author_sort | Ji Won Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplantation (LT) is associated with significant adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, metabolic complications, and heightened risk of infection or malignancy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a promising target for inducing immune tolerance in LT, with the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for life-long immunosuppression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of Tregs in LT, highlighting their mechanisms and the impact of various immunosuppressive agents on Treg stability and function. The liver’s distinct immunological microenvironment, characterized by tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells and high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β, positions this organ as an ideal setting for Treg-mediated tolerance. We discuss Treg dynamics in LT, their association with rejection risk, and their utility as biomarkers of transplant outcomes. Emerging strategies, including the use of low-dose calcineurin inhibitors with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, adoptive Treg therapy, and low-dose IL-2, aim to enhance Treg function while providing sufficient immunosuppression. Thus, the future of LT involves precision medicine approaches that integrate Treg monitoring with tailored immunosuppressive protocols to optimize long-term outcomes for LT recipients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25b7da970654427da83dafe8a5c1cae8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3022-6783 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Society for Transplantation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Transplantation and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-25b7da970654427da83dafe8a5c1cae82025-01-15T02:51:59ZengThe Korean Society for TransplantationClinical Transplantation and Research3022-67832024-12-0138425727210.4285/ctr.24.0059ctr.24.0059Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft toleranceJi Won Han0Su-Hyung Park1The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaGraduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, KoreaProlonged immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplantation (LT) is associated with significant adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, metabolic complications, and heightened risk of infection or malignancy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a promising target for inducing immune tolerance in LT, with the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for life-long immunosuppression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of Tregs in LT, highlighting their mechanisms and the impact of various immunosuppressive agents on Treg stability and function. The liver’s distinct immunological microenvironment, characterized by tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells and high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β, positions this organ as an ideal setting for Treg-mediated tolerance. We discuss Treg dynamics in LT, their association with rejection risk, and their utility as biomarkers of transplant outcomes. Emerging strategies, including the use of low-dose calcineurin inhibitors with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, adoptive Treg therapy, and low-dose IL-2, aim to enhance Treg function while providing sufficient immunosuppression. Thus, the future of LT involves precision medicine approaches that integrate Treg monitoring with tailored immunosuppressive protocols to optimize long-term outcomes for LT recipients.https://www.ctrjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.4285/ctr.24.0059liver transplantation; regulatory t cell; transplant rejection |
| spellingShingle | Ji Won Han Su-Hyung Park Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance Clinical Transplantation and Research liver transplantation; regulatory t cell; transplant rejection |
| title | Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| title_full | Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| title_fullStr | Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| title_short | Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| title_sort | advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation the role of regulatory t cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance |
| topic | liver transplantation; regulatory t cell; transplant rejection |
| url | https://www.ctrjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.4285/ctr.24.0059 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiwonhan advancingimmunosuppressioninlivertransplantationtheroleofregulatorytcellsinimmunemodulationandgrafttolerance AT suhyungpark advancingimmunosuppressioninlivertransplantationtheroleofregulatorytcellsinimmunemodulationandgrafttolerance |