Broadband phonon production from axion absorption

Abstract We show that axion dark matter in the range meV ≲ m a ≲ 100 meV can incoherently excite phonons in crystal targets with unpolarised nuclear spins. This can occur through its coupling to nuclear spins and/or through its induced time-dependent electric dipole moment in nuclei. Due to the rand...

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Main Authors: Itay M. Bloch, Simon Knapen, Amalia Madden, Giacomo Marocco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)080
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author Itay M. Bloch
Simon Knapen
Amalia Madden
Giacomo Marocco
author_facet Itay M. Bloch
Simon Knapen
Amalia Madden
Giacomo Marocco
author_sort Itay M. Bloch
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We show that axion dark matter in the range meV ≲ m a ≲ 100 meV can incoherently excite phonons in crystal targets with unpolarised nuclear spins. This can occur through its coupling to nuclear spins and/or through its induced time-dependent electric dipole moment in nuclei. Due to the random orientation of the nuclear spins, translation symmetry is broken in the phonon effective theory, allowing axion absorption to create phonons with unrestricted momentum. The absorption rate is therefore proportional to the phonon density of states, which generically has support across a wide range of energies, allowing for a broadband detection scheme. We calculate the absorption rate for solid H2, D2, Al2O3, GaAs, H2O, D2O, Be and Li2O, and find that materials containing light, non-zero spin nuclei are the most promising. The predicted rates for the QCD axion are of the order of a few events / 10 kg-year exposure, setting an ambitious target for the required exposure and background suppression.
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spelling doaj-art-25b34867cff6420fba8f7a488ff4bf212025-08-20T02:11:55ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-03-012025312910.1007/JHEP03(2025)080Broadband phonon production from axion absorptionItay M. Bloch0Simon Knapen1Amalia Madden2Giacomo Marocco3Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryKavli Institute for Theoretical PhysicsPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAbstract We show that axion dark matter in the range meV ≲ m a ≲ 100 meV can incoherently excite phonons in crystal targets with unpolarised nuclear spins. This can occur through its coupling to nuclear spins and/or through its induced time-dependent electric dipole moment in nuclei. Due to the random orientation of the nuclear spins, translation symmetry is broken in the phonon effective theory, allowing axion absorption to create phonons with unrestricted momentum. The absorption rate is therefore proportional to the phonon density of states, which generically has support across a wide range of energies, allowing for a broadband detection scheme. We calculate the absorption rate for solid H2, D2, Al2O3, GaAs, H2O, D2O, Be and Li2O, and find that materials containing light, non-zero spin nuclei are the most promising. The predicted rates for the QCD axion are of the order of a few events / 10 kg-year exposure, setting an ambitious target for the required exposure and background suppression.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)080Axions and ALPsParticle Nature of Dark MatterSpecific BSM Phenomenology
spellingShingle Itay M. Bloch
Simon Knapen
Amalia Madden
Giacomo Marocco
Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
Journal of High Energy Physics
Axions and ALPs
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Specific BSM Phenomenology
title Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
title_full Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
title_fullStr Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
title_full_unstemmed Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
title_short Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
title_sort broadband phonon production from axion absorption
topic Axions and ALPs
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Specific BSM Phenomenology
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)080
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