Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes
Abstract Drought is a significant abiotic stressor that reduces peanut production because it alters photosynthetic activity and impacts crop growth. Therefore, developing drought-tolerant peanut genotypes capable of maintaining higher photosynthetic rates (A) under stress is crucial. This study asse...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10978-z |
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| author | Rajanna G. Adireddy Saseendran S. Anapalli Manisha Ojha Naveen Puppala Krishna N. Reddy |
| author_facet | Rajanna G. Adireddy Saseendran S. Anapalli Manisha Ojha Naveen Puppala Krishna N. Reddy |
| author_sort | Rajanna G. Adireddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Drought is a significant abiotic stressor that reduces peanut production because it alters photosynthetic activity and impacts crop growth. Therefore, developing drought-tolerant peanut genotypes capable of maintaining higher photosynthetic rates (A) under stress is crucial. This study assessed changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence responses to light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) in newly bred drought-tolerant peanut genotypes. Ten genotypes [NM-3, NM-5, NM-6, NM-23, NM-69, NM-70, NM-74, NM-77, V-C, and C-76–16] were evaluated under full irrigation (FC100) and deficit irrigation (FC50) in a split-plot design with four replications in a greenhouse. Under high PPFD levels, genotype NM-5 with deficit irrigation exhibited significantly higher A, stomatal conductance (gs), quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and electron transport rate (ETR) by 40–59%, 135–525%, 31–212%, and 31–102%, respectively, than check varieties (V-C and C-76–16) and other genotypes. The NM-74 and NM-77 genotypes also performed well under deficit irrigations but with slightly lower A, gs, ΦPSII, and ETR. Genotypes NM-5, NM-23, NM-74, and NM-77 exhibited significantly higher quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv’/Fm’) and photochemical quenching (qP) with higher light intensities in the daily cycle under deficit irrigation. The decline in ETR at the same PPFD levels in NM-3, NM 69, NM-70, and C-76–16 indicated photoinhibition or saturation of the photosynthetic apparatus compared to other genotypes. Concurrently, FC100 irrigation level minimizes photoinhibition, enhancing A, gs, ΦPSII, and ETR in the genotypes than FC50. Therefore, we conclude that NM-5, NM-74, and NM-77 genotypes can perform better under water deficit environments. As such, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv’/Fm’ and qP can be considered for selective breeding to enhance photosynthetic efficiencies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25ace208d46a4f3281a7b6ffc20fa8c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-25ace208d46a4f3281a7b6ffc20fa8c42025-08-20T03:46:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-10978-zPhotosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypesRajanna G. Adireddy0Saseendran S. Anapalli1Manisha Ojha2Naveen Puppala3Krishna N. Reddy4Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARSCrop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARSAgricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State UniversityDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State UniversityCrop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARSAbstract Drought is a significant abiotic stressor that reduces peanut production because it alters photosynthetic activity and impacts crop growth. Therefore, developing drought-tolerant peanut genotypes capable of maintaining higher photosynthetic rates (A) under stress is crucial. This study assessed changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence responses to light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) in newly bred drought-tolerant peanut genotypes. Ten genotypes [NM-3, NM-5, NM-6, NM-23, NM-69, NM-70, NM-74, NM-77, V-C, and C-76–16] were evaluated under full irrigation (FC100) and deficit irrigation (FC50) in a split-plot design with four replications in a greenhouse. Under high PPFD levels, genotype NM-5 with deficit irrigation exhibited significantly higher A, stomatal conductance (gs), quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and electron transport rate (ETR) by 40–59%, 135–525%, 31–212%, and 31–102%, respectively, than check varieties (V-C and C-76–16) and other genotypes. The NM-74 and NM-77 genotypes also performed well under deficit irrigations but with slightly lower A, gs, ΦPSII, and ETR. Genotypes NM-5, NM-23, NM-74, and NM-77 exhibited significantly higher quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv’/Fm’) and photochemical quenching (qP) with higher light intensities in the daily cycle under deficit irrigation. The decline in ETR at the same PPFD levels in NM-3, NM 69, NM-70, and C-76–16 indicated photoinhibition or saturation of the photosynthetic apparatus compared to other genotypes. Concurrently, FC100 irrigation level minimizes photoinhibition, enhancing A, gs, ΦPSII, and ETR in the genotypes than FC50. Therefore, we conclude that NM-5, NM-74, and NM-77 genotypes can perform better under water deficit environments. As such, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv’/Fm’ and qP can be considered for selective breeding to enhance photosynthetic efficiencies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10978-zChlorophyll fluorescenceDeficit irrigationElectron transport ratePeanut genotypesPhotosynthetic rate |
| spellingShingle | Rajanna G. Adireddy Saseendran S. Anapalli Manisha Ojha Naveen Puppala Krishna N. Reddy Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes Scientific Reports Chlorophyll fluorescence Deficit irrigation Electron transport rate Peanut genotypes Photosynthetic rate |
| title | Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes |
| title_full | Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes |
| title_short | Photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought-tolerant novel peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes |
| title_sort | photosynthetic responses to light levels in drought tolerant novel peanut arachis hypogaea l genotypes |
| topic | Chlorophyll fluorescence Deficit irrigation Electron transport rate Peanut genotypes Photosynthetic rate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10978-z |
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