Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages

The increasing prevalence of drought poses significant challenges to global food security, necessitating a deeper understanding of plant-microbiome interactions which help crop production. This study investigated the dynamics of drought stress-induced changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial comm...

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Main Authors: Durga P.M. Chinthalapudi, Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana, Sujan Poudel, John P. Brooks, Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam, Raju Bheemanahalli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Plant Stress
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001836
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author Durga P.M. Chinthalapudi
Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana
Sujan Poudel
John P. Brooks
Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam
Raju Bheemanahalli
author_facet Durga P.M. Chinthalapudi
Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana
Sujan Poudel
John P. Brooks
Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam
Raju Bheemanahalli
author_sort Durga P.M. Chinthalapudi
collection DOAJ
description The increasing prevalence of drought poses significant challenges to global food security, necessitating a deeper understanding of plant-microbiome interactions which help crop production. This study investigated the dynamics of drought stress-induced changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes (EpicSelect4 and UCR369) across four growth stages. Community-level physiological profiling using Biolog EcoPlate analysis revealed that drought reduced rhizosphere microbial metabolic activity (carbon substrate utilization) in both genotypes, but UCR369 maintained higher metabolic capability than EpicSelect4 across growth stages. Further, integration of amplicon metagenomics and physiological data showed that drought significantly altered rhizoplane bacterial communities in cowpea, with distinct genotype-specific responses. There was a decline in Alpha diversity under drought, while community composition shifted based on genotype. Beta diversity results revealed that genotype and drought significantly influenced microbial community structure across growth stages. Proteobacteria dominated the root zone of the EpicSelect4 genotype, while UCR369 showed an increase in Actinobacteria under drought conditions. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) and physiological traits werecorrelated significantly with microbial community shifts. Interpretable machine learning approach identified Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria as the key biomarkers enriched under drought, with genera such as Streptomyces and Ensifer potentially contributing to drought tolerance. The Random Forest model coupled with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values demonstrated high predictive accuracy for identifying drought-related biomarkers, aligning with DeSeq2 analysis results. These models provided insights into the potential contributions of specific microbial taxa to cowpea drought tolerance, offering a promising avenue for developing microbiome-based strategies to improve crop resilience and sustainability under drought conditions.
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publishDate 2025-09-01
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spelling doaj-art-25a93957c8f94807b6a7a80d3f16fb8d2025-08-23T04:49:26ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-09-011710091510.1016/j.stress.2025.100915Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stagesDurga P.M. Chinthalapudi0Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana1Sujan Poudel2John P. Brooks3Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam4Raju Bheemanahalli5Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USA; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USADepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USADepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USAUSDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USADepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USA; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Correspondence authors.Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USA; Correspondence authors.The increasing prevalence of drought poses significant challenges to global food security, necessitating a deeper understanding of plant-microbiome interactions which help crop production. This study investigated the dynamics of drought stress-induced changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes (EpicSelect4 and UCR369) across four growth stages. Community-level physiological profiling using Biolog EcoPlate analysis revealed that drought reduced rhizosphere microbial metabolic activity (carbon substrate utilization) in both genotypes, but UCR369 maintained higher metabolic capability than EpicSelect4 across growth stages. Further, integration of amplicon metagenomics and physiological data showed that drought significantly altered rhizoplane bacterial communities in cowpea, with distinct genotype-specific responses. There was a decline in Alpha diversity under drought, while community composition shifted based on genotype. Beta diversity results revealed that genotype and drought significantly influenced microbial community structure across growth stages. Proteobacteria dominated the root zone of the EpicSelect4 genotype, while UCR369 showed an increase in Actinobacteria under drought conditions. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) and physiological traits werecorrelated significantly with microbial community shifts. Interpretable machine learning approach identified Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria as the key biomarkers enriched under drought, with genera such as Streptomyces and Ensifer potentially contributing to drought tolerance. The Random Forest model coupled with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values demonstrated high predictive accuracy for identifying drought-related biomarkers, aligning with DeSeq2 analysis results. These models provided insights into the potential contributions of specific microbial taxa to cowpea drought tolerance, offering a promising avenue for developing microbiome-based strategies to improve crop resilience and sustainability under drought conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001836DroughtRhizoplane bacteriaCarbon substrate utilizationSoil enzyme activityGrowth stagesRandom forest
spellingShingle Durga P.M. Chinthalapudi
Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana
Sujan Poudel
John P. Brooks
Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam
Raju Bheemanahalli
Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
Plant Stress
Drought
Rhizoplane bacteria
Carbon substrate utilization
Soil enzyme activity
Growth stages
Random forest
title Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
title_full Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
title_fullStr Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
title_full_unstemmed Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
title_short Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
title_sort drought induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
topic Drought
Rhizoplane bacteria
Carbon substrate utilization
Soil enzyme activity
Growth stages
Random forest
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001836
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