Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic
Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) is a widely cultivated fruit known for its nutritional benefits, with the seed representing a significant portion of the fruit that is often discarded as waste. In the Dominican Republic, the cultivar Semil 34 represents 58% of the national product...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Ramon Sanchez-Rosario Luis Castillo Alejandra Féliz-Jiménez Sebastián Vargas Ramón Pérez-Romero Mónica Aquino Maha T. Abutokaikah |
| author_facet | Ramon Sanchez-Rosario Luis Castillo Alejandra Féliz-Jiménez Sebastián Vargas Ramón Pérez-Romero Mónica Aquino Maha T. Abutokaikah |
| author_sort | Ramon Sanchez-Rosario |
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| description | Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) is a widely cultivated fruit known for its nutritional benefits, with the seed representing a significant portion of the fruit that is often discarded as waste. In the Dominican Republic, the cultivar Semil 34 represents 58% of the national production. This study aimed to explore the potential of Semil 34 avocado seed (AS) as a source of bioactive compounds with applications in the food industry. We conducted the chemical characterization of the seed extract, focusing on its total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. High-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) was employed to identify key phytochemicals, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, that were responsible for the antioxidant properties of the extract. The hydroalcoholic extract of the Semil 34 seeds exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 1743.3 ± 52.3 µM Trolox/g extract, total phenolic content of 25.86 ± 2.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, and total flavonoid content of 2.09 ± 0.10 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract. However, the extract’s antioxidant capacity was found to be sensitive to pH changes, suggesting the need for stabilization when used in acidic or basic food matrices. The present work identified 53 compounds in the Semil 34 seed extracts; among these, 23 are being reported for the first time in avocado seeds. This study demonstrates the potential of the avocado seed as a source of bioactive compounds and hence a functional ingredient, supporting its value in sustainable production and its possible contribution to environmental goals by reducing waste in the avocado industry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25a49e27f6634561b0084fe994d0c327 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-25a49e27f6634561b0084fe994d0c3272025-01-24T13:21:21ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115292210.3390/app15020922Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican RepublicRamon Sanchez-Rosario0Luis Castillo1Alejandra Féliz-Jiménez2Sebastián Vargas3Ramón Pérez-Romero4Mónica Aquino5Maha T. Abutokaikah6Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Av. John F. Kennedy Km 7 ½, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican RepublicResearch Cores Program, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USAAvocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) is a widely cultivated fruit known for its nutritional benefits, with the seed representing a significant portion of the fruit that is often discarded as waste. In the Dominican Republic, the cultivar Semil 34 represents 58% of the national production. This study aimed to explore the potential of Semil 34 avocado seed (AS) as a source of bioactive compounds with applications in the food industry. We conducted the chemical characterization of the seed extract, focusing on its total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. High-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) was employed to identify key phytochemicals, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, that were responsible for the antioxidant properties of the extract. The hydroalcoholic extract of the Semil 34 seeds exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 1743.3 ± 52.3 µM Trolox/g extract, total phenolic content of 25.86 ± 2.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, and total flavonoid content of 2.09 ± 0.10 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract. However, the extract’s antioxidant capacity was found to be sensitive to pH changes, suggesting the need for stabilization when used in acidic or basic food matrices. The present work identified 53 compounds in the Semil 34 seed extracts; among these, 23 are being reported for the first time in avocado seeds. This study demonstrates the potential of the avocado seed as a source of bioactive compounds and hence a functional ingredient, supporting its value in sustainable production and its possible contribution to environmental goals by reducing waste in the avocado industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/922phytochemicalsHPLC-QTOF-MS/MSavocado seed extractSemil 34bioactive compoundsagri-food byproducts |
| spellingShingle | Ramon Sanchez-Rosario Luis Castillo Alejandra Féliz-Jiménez Sebastián Vargas Ramón Pérez-Romero Mónica Aquino Maha T. Abutokaikah Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic Applied Sciences phytochemicals HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS avocado seed extract Semil 34 bioactive compounds agri-food byproducts |
| title | Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic |
| title_full | Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic |
| title_short | Characterization of Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) Seed Extract from the Variety Semil 34 Cultivated in the Dominican Republic |
| title_sort | characterization of avocado i persea americana i mill seed extract from the variety semil 34 cultivated in the dominican republic |
| topic | phytochemicals HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS avocado seed extract Semil 34 bioactive compounds agri-food byproducts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/922 |
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