Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale

Small-and medium-scale market gardening plays an important role in transitioning toward a sustainable food system, yet its viability remains underexplored. This study assesses the viability of small- and medium-scale market gardening farms in the Coeur de Condroz region (Belgium) using field data fr...

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Main Authors: Benjamin Heine, Frédéric Gaspart, Nicolas Biot
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1608860/full
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author Benjamin Heine
Frédéric Gaspart
Nicolas Biot
Nicolas Biot
author_facet Benjamin Heine
Frédéric Gaspart
Nicolas Biot
Nicolas Biot
author_sort Benjamin Heine
collection DOAJ
description Small-and medium-scale market gardening plays an important role in transitioning toward a sustainable food system, yet its viability remains underexplored. This study assesses the viability of small- and medium-scale market gardening farms in the Coeur de Condroz region (Belgium) using field data from 17 farms. A set of five indicators; land productivity, labor productivity, gross added value, estimated profit, and a risk index were developed to analyze viability. Results reveal significant variability among farms. Some achieve viability, while others rely on off-farm income. Three distinct farm profiles were identified based on viability indicators; one composed of less performant farms and two of viable farms with different strategies. Key drivers of viability were highlighted to include greenhouse surface, crop diversity, and years since establishment. Additionally, farms integrating complementary on-farm activities exhibited lower risk of cost but lower productivity per hectare. By redefining viability assessment methods and engaging directly with farmers, this research offers valuable insights into the factors shaping small-and medium-scale market gardening farms. Findings indicate that viability cannot be measured through financial indicators alone but must consider broader socio-economic dimensions. Additionally, farmers' perceptions of viability vary, with some incorporating quality of life into their assessment. This study demonstrates that market gardening can be viable through diverse strategies, despite limited public financial support. It offers practical recommendations for research, and also highlights the potential of applying this methodology to cross-regional longitudinal studies, as well as the need to investigate the relationship between perceived and measured viability.
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spelling doaj-art-259db7d1aa4a45049b09e2b8d67e83942025-08-20T03:45:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-08-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.16088601608860Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scaleBenjamin Heine0Frédéric Gaspart1Nicolas Biot2Nicolas Biot3Plant Ecology, Eco-physiology, and Sustainable Agriculture, ELI-Agronomy, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumELI-Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant, BelgiumPlant Ecology, Eco-physiology, and Sustainable Agriculture, ELI-Agronomy, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumGeography Department, Transitions Institute, University of Namur, Namur, BelgiumSmall-and medium-scale market gardening plays an important role in transitioning toward a sustainable food system, yet its viability remains underexplored. This study assesses the viability of small- and medium-scale market gardening farms in the Coeur de Condroz region (Belgium) using field data from 17 farms. A set of five indicators; land productivity, labor productivity, gross added value, estimated profit, and a risk index were developed to analyze viability. Results reveal significant variability among farms. Some achieve viability, while others rely on off-farm income. Three distinct farm profiles were identified based on viability indicators; one composed of less performant farms and two of viable farms with different strategies. Key drivers of viability were highlighted to include greenhouse surface, crop diversity, and years since establishment. Additionally, farms integrating complementary on-farm activities exhibited lower risk of cost but lower productivity per hectare. By redefining viability assessment methods and engaging directly with farmers, this research offers valuable insights into the factors shaping small-and medium-scale market gardening farms. Findings indicate that viability cannot be measured through financial indicators alone but must consider broader socio-economic dimensions. Additionally, farmers' perceptions of viability vary, with some incorporating quality of life into their assessment. This study demonstrates that market gardening can be viable through diverse strategies, despite limited public financial support. It offers practical recommendations for research, and also highlights the potential of applying this methodology to cross-regional longitudinal studies, as well as the need to investigate the relationship between perceived and measured viability.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1608860/fullagroecologymarket gardeninglocal food systemfarm viabilityviability indicators
spellingShingle Benjamin Heine
Frédéric Gaspart
Nicolas Biot
Nicolas Biot
Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
agroecology
market gardening
local food system
farm viability
viability indicators
title Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
title_full Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
title_fullStr Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
title_full_unstemmed Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
title_short Developing indicators to assess the viability of small- and medium-scale farms: a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
title_sort developing indicators to assess the viability of small and medium scale farms a case study of market gardening farms at the regional scale
topic agroecology
market gardening
local food system
farm viability
viability indicators
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1608860/full
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