The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance

IntroductionDeveloping salt-tolerant crops is critical for utilizing saline soils in agriculture. Limonium bicolor, a recretohalophyte with epidermal salt glands, represents a valuable genetic resource for salt tolerance engineering. Although WD40 proteins are known regulators of plant stress respon...

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Main Authors: Lu Sun, Huiying Mu, Yuqing Tan, Baoshan Wang, Xi Wang, Fang Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1629604/full
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author Lu Sun
Huiying Mu
Yuqing Tan
Baoshan Wang
Xi Wang
Xi Wang
Fang Yuan
Fang Yuan
author_facet Lu Sun
Huiying Mu
Yuqing Tan
Baoshan Wang
Xi Wang
Xi Wang
Fang Yuan
Fang Yuan
author_sort Lu Sun
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDeveloping salt-tolerant crops is critical for utilizing saline soils in agriculture. Limonium bicolor, a recretohalophyte with epidermal salt glands, represents a valuable genetic resource for salt tolerance engineering. Although WD40 proteins are known regulators of plant stress responses, their roles in L. bicolor remain unexplored.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide analysis of WD40 genes in L. bicolor, including phylogenetic classification, subcellular localization prediction, cis-element analysis, and expression profiling during salt stress. Functional validation was conducted using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).ResultsAmong 367 identified WD40 genes (distributed across all chromosomes), Subfamily 6 was the largest. Two key members (Lb1G05968 and Lb3G17197, localized in cytoplasm) showed significant involvement in salt gland development and stress tolerance, as demonstrated by VIGS-induced phenotypic defects.DiscussionOur findings reveal the WD40 family's expansion in L. bicolor and its functional specialization in salt adaptation. The identified genes (e.g., Lb1G05968, Lb3G17197) provide targets for engineering salt-tolerant crops. This study establishes a foundation for further research on halophyte developmental genetics.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-2593ff51f9684824aa274c439652e3462025-08-20T03:09:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-07-011610.3389/fpls.2025.16296041629604The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity toleranceLu Sun0Huiying Mu1Yuqing Tan2Baoshan Wang3Xi Wang4Xi Wang5Fang Yuan6Fang Yuan7Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaNational Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, Shandong, ChinaIntroductionDeveloping salt-tolerant crops is critical for utilizing saline soils in agriculture. Limonium bicolor, a recretohalophyte with epidermal salt glands, represents a valuable genetic resource for salt tolerance engineering. Although WD40 proteins are known regulators of plant stress responses, their roles in L. bicolor remain unexplored.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide analysis of WD40 genes in L. bicolor, including phylogenetic classification, subcellular localization prediction, cis-element analysis, and expression profiling during salt stress. Functional validation was conducted using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).ResultsAmong 367 identified WD40 genes (distributed across all chromosomes), Subfamily 6 was the largest. Two key members (Lb1G05968 and Lb3G17197, localized in cytoplasm) showed significant involvement in salt gland development and stress tolerance, as demonstrated by VIGS-induced phenotypic defects.DiscussionOur findings reveal the WD40 family's expansion in L. bicolor and its functional specialization in salt adaptation. The identified genes (e.g., Lb1G05968, Lb3G17197) provide targets for engineering salt-tolerant crops. This study establishes a foundation for further research on halophyte developmental genetics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1629604/fullfeature descriptionLimonium bicolorsubcellular localizationsalt gland developmentsalt toleranceWD40 gene family
spellingShingle Lu Sun
Huiying Mu
Yuqing Tan
Baoshan Wang
Xi Wang
Xi Wang
Fang Yuan
Fang Yuan
The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
Frontiers in Plant Science
feature description
Limonium bicolor
subcellular localization
salt gland development
salt tolerance
WD40 gene family
title The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
title_full The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
title_fullStr The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
title_full_unstemmed The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
title_short The WD40 gene family in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
title_sort wd40 gene family in recretohalophyte limonium bicolor genomic identification and functional analysis in salt gland development and salinity tolerance
topic feature description
Limonium bicolor
subcellular localization
salt gland development
salt tolerance
WD40 gene family
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1629604/full
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