Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a public health concern as drug resistance is outpacing the drug development pipeline. Alternative immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pre-XDR/XDR-TB (<i>n</i> = 25) pat...

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Main Authors: Rolanda Londt, Lynn Semple, Aliasgar Esmail, Anil Pooran, Richard Meldau, Malika Davids, Keertan Dheda, Michele Tomasicchio
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/345
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author Rolanda Londt
Lynn Semple
Aliasgar Esmail
Anil Pooran
Richard Meldau
Malika Davids
Keertan Dheda
Michele Tomasicchio
author_facet Rolanda Londt
Lynn Semple
Aliasgar Esmail
Anil Pooran
Richard Meldau
Malika Davids
Keertan Dheda
Michele Tomasicchio
author_sort Rolanda Londt
collection DOAJ
description Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a public health concern as drug resistance is outpacing the drug development pipeline. Alternative immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pre-XDR/XDR-TB (<i>n</i> = 25) patients and LTBI (<i>n</i> = 18) participants. Thereafter, monocytic-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) were co-cultured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens, with/without a maturation cocktail (interferon-γ, interferon-α, CD40L, IL-1β, and TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists). Two peptide pools were evaluated: (i) an ECAT peptide pool (ESAT6, CFP10, Ag85B, and TB10.4 peptides) and (ii) a PE/PPE peptide pool. Sonicated lysate of the <i>M. tb</i> HN878 strain served as a control. Mo-DCs were assessed for DC maturation markers, Th1 cytokines, and the ability of the DC-primed PBMCs to restrict the growth of <i>M. tb</i>-infected monocyte-derived macrophages. In pre-XDR/XDR-TB, mo-DCs matured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens (ECAT or PE/PPE peptide pool, or HN878 lysate) + cocktail, compared to mo-DCs matured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens only, showed higher upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12p70 (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both comparisons). The matured mo-DCs had enhanced antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to ESAT-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and Ag85B (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Containment was higher with mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool cocktail versus mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool + cocktail achieved better containment than the ECAT peptide pool + cocktail [50%, (IQR:39–75) versus 46%, (IQR:15–62); <i>p</i> = 0.02]. In patients with pre-XDR/XDR-TB, an effector response primed by mo-DCs matured with an ECAT or PE/PPE peptide pool + cocktail was capable of restricting the growth of <i>M. tb</i> in vitro.
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spelling doaj-art-25795f32343c4149adf5f2183f1c40f52025-08-20T03:12:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-02-0113234510.3390/microorganisms13020345Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Rolanda Londt0Lynn Semple1Aliasgar Esmail2Anil Pooran3Richard Meldau4Malika Davids5Keertan Dheda6Michele Tomasicchio7Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaExtensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a public health concern as drug resistance is outpacing the drug development pipeline. Alternative immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pre-XDR/XDR-TB (<i>n</i> = 25) patients and LTBI (<i>n</i> = 18) participants. Thereafter, monocytic-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) were co-cultured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens, with/without a maturation cocktail (interferon-γ, interferon-α, CD40L, IL-1β, and TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists). Two peptide pools were evaluated: (i) an ECAT peptide pool (ESAT6, CFP10, Ag85B, and TB10.4 peptides) and (ii) a PE/PPE peptide pool. Sonicated lysate of the <i>M. tb</i> HN878 strain served as a control. Mo-DCs were assessed for DC maturation markers, Th1 cytokines, and the ability of the DC-primed PBMCs to restrict the growth of <i>M. tb</i>-infected monocyte-derived macrophages. In pre-XDR/XDR-TB, mo-DCs matured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens (ECAT or PE/PPE peptide pool, or HN878 lysate) + cocktail, compared to mo-DCs matured with <i>M. tb</i> antigens only, showed higher upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12p70 (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both comparisons). The matured mo-DCs had enhanced antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to ESAT-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and Ag85B (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Containment was higher with mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool cocktail versus mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Mo-DCs matured with the PE/PPE peptide pool + cocktail achieved better containment than the ECAT peptide pool + cocktail [50%, (IQR:39–75) versus 46%, (IQR:15–62); <i>p</i> = 0.02]. In patients with pre-XDR/XDR-TB, an effector response primed by mo-DCs matured with an ECAT or PE/PPE peptide pool + cocktail was capable of restricting the growth of <i>M. tb</i> in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/345dendritic cell vaccinepre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosisextensively drug-resistant tuberculosisdrug-resistant tuberculosiscellular vaccinemonocytic-derived dendritic cells
spellingShingle Rolanda Londt
Lynn Semple
Aliasgar Esmail
Anil Pooran
Richard Meldau
Malika Davids
Keertan Dheda
Michele Tomasicchio
Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Microorganisms
dendritic cell vaccine
pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
drug-resistant tuberculosis
cellular vaccine
monocytic-derived dendritic cells
title Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
title_full Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
title_fullStr Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
title_full_unstemmed Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
title_short Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
title_sort autologous human dendritic cells from xdr tb patients polarize a th1 response which is bactericidal to i mycobacterium tuberculosis i
topic dendritic cell vaccine
pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
drug-resistant tuberculosis
cellular vaccine
monocytic-derived dendritic cells
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/345
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