Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives The role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory conditions such as rhinitis has been receiving increased attention, with evidence supporting an inflammation‐modulating role of estrogen and progesterone in the nasal mucosa. However, the specific influence...

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Main Authors: Richard G. Chiu, Kamal Eldeirawi, Anthony I. Dick, Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis, Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant, Rachel Caskey, Victoria S. Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70123
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author Richard G. Chiu
Kamal Eldeirawi
Anthony I. Dick
Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis
Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant
Rachel Caskey
Victoria S. Lee
author_facet Richard G. Chiu
Kamal Eldeirawi
Anthony I. Dick
Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis
Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant
Rachel Caskey
Victoria S. Lee
author_sort Richard G. Chiu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objectives The role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory conditions such as rhinitis has been receiving increased attention, with evidence supporting an inflammation‐modulating role of estrogen and progesterone in the nasal mucosa. However, the specific influence of hormonal contraceptives in rhinitis has been sparsely studied. As such, we sought to investigate the association of systemic hormonal contraceptives with both allergic (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) using a national data set of adults in the United States. Methods This study was conducted using data from 46,205 female participants aged 20–40 in the All of Us Research Program. Rhinitis diagnoses, systemic hormonal contraceptive use, and covariate data were extracted for all participants. These variables were included in multivariable logistic regression models assessing the association of any systemic hormonal contraceptive use with rhinitis, both AR and NAR. Separate models were conducted to examine the association of progestin‐only contraceptives (POCs) and estrogen‐containing contraceptives (ECCs) on the odds of rhinitis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Systemic hormonal contraceptives were associated with AR (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.20–1.44) but not NAR (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.90–1.56) after controlling for covariates. When analyzing POCs and ECCs separately, both were associated with AR compared to those not taking any systemic hormonal contraceptives (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12–1.48 for POC, OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21–1.51 for ECC) but were not significantly associated with NAR (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.66–1.57 for POC, OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.95–1.81 for ECC). Conclusion Systemic hormonal contraceptive use was independently associated with AR, with no significant difference between POCs and ECCs, while not being associated with NAR. Our findings may support a hormonal role in the pathogenesis of AR, but further research is needed to establish causation and understand the underlying mechanisms linking systemic hormonal contraceptive use to AR. Level of Evidence 3.
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spelling doaj-art-257936ee922b4579aec535c2bd769a2b2025-08-20T02:28:44ZengWileyLaryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology2378-80382025-04-01102n/an/a10.1002/lio2.70123Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database AnalysisRichard G. Chiu0Kamal Eldeirawi1Anthony I. Dick2Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis3Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant4Rachel Caskey5Victoria S. Lee6Department of Otolaryngology College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Population Health Nursing Science College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Otolaryngology College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Medicine College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USADepartment of Otolaryngology College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USAABSTRACT Objectives The role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory conditions such as rhinitis has been receiving increased attention, with evidence supporting an inflammation‐modulating role of estrogen and progesterone in the nasal mucosa. However, the specific influence of hormonal contraceptives in rhinitis has been sparsely studied. As such, we sought to investigate the association of systemic hormonal contraceptives with both allergic (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) using a national data set of adults in the United States. Methods This study was conducted using data from 46,205 female participants aged 20–40 in the All of Us Research Program. Rhinitis diagnoses, systemic hormonal contraceptive use, and covariate data were extracted for all participants. These variables were included in multivariable logistic regression models assessing the association of any systemic hormonal contraceptive use with rhinitis, both AR and NAR. Separate models were conducted to examine the association of progestin‐only contraceptives (POCs) and estrogen‐containing contraceptives (ECCs) on the odds of rhinitis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Systemic hormonal contraceptives were associated with AR (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.20–1.44) but not NAR (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.90–1.56) after controlling for covariates. When analyzing POCs and ECCs separately, both were associated with AR compared to those not taking any systemic hormonal contraceptives (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12–1.48 for POC, OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21–1.51 for ECC) but were not significantly associated with NAR (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.66–1.57 for POC, OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.95–1.81 for ECC). Conclusion Systemic hormonal contraceptive use was independently associated with AR, with no significant difference between POCs and ECCs, while not being associated with NAR. Our findings may support a hormonal role in the pathogenesis of AR, but further research is needed to establish causation and understand the underlying mechanisms linking systemic hormonal contraceptive use to AR. Level of Evidence 3.https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70123all of us research programallergic rhinitiscontraceptivesnonallergic rhinitisrhinitis
spellingShingle Richard G. Chiu
Kamal Eldeirawi
Anthony I. Dick
Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis
Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant
Rachel Caskey
Victoria S. Lee
Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
all of us research program
allergic rhinitis
contraceptives
nonallergic rhinitis
rhinitis
title Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
title_full Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
title_fullStr Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
title_short Systemic Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Rhinitis Among Adult Women: An All of Us Database Analysis
title_sort systemic hormonal contraceptive use and rhinitis among adult women an all of us database analysis
topic all of us research program
allergic rhinitis
contraceptives
nonallergic rhinitis
rhinitis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70123
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