Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid

Achieving strong focusing of MeV electron beams is a critical requirement for advanced beam applications such as compact laboratory x-ray sources, high gradient accelerators, and ultrafast electron scattering instrumentation. To address these needs, a compact radially magnetized permanent magnetic s...

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Main Authors: T. Xu, C. J. R. Duncan, P. Denham, B. H. Schaap, A. Kulkarni, D. Garcia, S. D. Anderson, P. Musumeci, R. J. England
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-08-01
Series:Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/phhz-fgnl
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author T. Xu
C. J. R. Duncan
P. Denham
B. H. Schaap
A. Kulkarni
D. Garcia
S. D. Anderson
P. Musumeci
R. J. England
author_facet T. Xu
C. J. R. Duncan
P. Denham
B. H. Schaap
A. Kulkarni
D. Garcia
S. D. Anderson
P. Musumeci
R. J. England
author_sort T. Xu
collection DOAJ
description Achieving strong focusing of MeV electron beams is a critical requirement for advanced beam applications such as compact laboratory x-ray sources, high gradient accelerators, and ultrafast electron scattering instrumentation. To address these needs, a compact radially magnetized permanent magnetic solenoid (PMS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The solenoid provides a compact and inexpensive solution for delivering high axial magnetic fields (1 T) to focus MeV electron beams. Field characterization of the solenoid demonstrates good agreement with analytical models, validating the PMS design. The electron beam test employs a high-brightness photoinjector to study the focusing properties of the PMS. The results indicate a focal length of less than 10 cm and a significant reduction in beam size with small spherical aberrations. Two application cases are evaluated: angular magnification in ultrafast electron diffraction setups and strong focusing for Compton scattering or other microfocus uses.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2469-9888
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher American Physical Society
record_format Article
series Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
spelling doaj-art-25678bade89048a2bd954c8c19e873bc2025-08-20T17:27:14ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Accelerators and Beams2469-98882025-08-0128808240110.1103/phhz-fgnlFocusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoidT. XuC. J. R. DuncanP. DenhamB. H. SchaapA. KulkarniD. GarciaS. D. AndersonP. MusumeciR. J. EnglandAchieving strong focusing of MeV electron beams is a critical requirement for advanced beam applications such as compact laboratory x-ray sources, high gradient accelerators, and ultrafast electron scattering instrumentation. To address these needs, a compact radially magnetized permanent magnetic solenoid (PMS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The solenoid provides a compact and inexpensive solution for delivering high axial magnetic fields (1 T) to focus MeV electron beams. Field characterization of the solenoid demonstrates good agreement with analytical models, validating the PMS design. The electron beam test employs a high-brightness photoinjector to study the focusing properties of the PMS. The results indicate a focal length of less than 10 cm and a significant reduction in beam size with small spherical aberrations. Two application cases are evaluated: angular magnification in ultrafast electron diffraction setups and strong focusing for Compton scattering or other microfocus uses.http://doi.org/10.1103/phhz-fgnl
spellingShingle T. Xu
C. J. R. Duncan
P. Denham
B. H. Schaap
A. Kulkarni
D. Garcia
S. D. Anderson
P. Musumeci
R. J. England
Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
title Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
title_full Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
title_fullStr Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
title_full_unstemmed Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
title_short Focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
title_sort focusing of relativistic electron beams with permanent magnetic solenoid
url http://doi.org/10.1103/phhz-fgnl
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