Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic

Abstract Despite continuous efforts to understand self-critical inner dialogues, little is known about the best practices people use to overcome their self-critics. In this study, we aimed to analyse the self-critical cycles of participants who scored high on coping to understand the most adaptive s...

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Main Authors: Bronislava Šoková, Katarína Greškovičová, Júlia Halamová, Martina Baránková
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02250-2
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author Bronislava Šoková
Katarína Greškovičová
Júlia Halamová
Martina Baránková
author_facet Bronislava Šoková
Katarína Greškovičová
Júlia Halamová
Martina Baránková
author_sort Bronislava Šoková
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite continuous efforts to understand self-critical inner dialogues, little is known about the best practices people use to overcome their self-critics. In this study, we aimed to analyse the self-critical cycles of participants who scored high on coping to understand the most adaptive strategies and responses to the self-critic. The consensual qualitative analysis was performed by a team of three researchers and one auditor. The high scorers were identified from a convenience sample of 1,683 participants. Twenty participants, 14 women and 6 men, were randomly chosen from the sample of individuals who scored high in self-reporting inventory of coping. In-depth repeat interviews were conducted with 15 participants for the main analysis, and 5 were added to check the data saturation. The results revealed three core themes – I am okay but I need improving; I am okay but improving would help; and I am not okay and it is hard to be different. Furthermore, six main types of self-critic emerged from the data: Teamster, Non-feeler, Worrier, Not good enough for self, Not good enough for others, and Hated self. Self-critic sequences included the trigger or specific situation evoking that self-critic; accompanying emotions and/ or self-awareness; a particular kind of self-criticism and self-compassionate and/or self-protective responses to the self-critic that form part of coping. The results supported the Emotion Focused Theory of change, with self-compassionate and self-protective responses being aimed at various types of self-critic. Self-critic specific nuances were also identified. The study provided the possibilities of working with different types of inner critics and could alleviate the suffering caused by them.
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spelling doaj-art-25484d08dd5b46deb01a7dde1f75131d2025-08-20T01:48:29ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-03-0113111210.1186/s40359-024-02250-2Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner criticBronislava Šoková0Katarína Greškovičová1Júlia Halamová2Martina Baránková3Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in BratislavaInstitute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in BratislavaInstitute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in BratislavaInstitute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in BratislavaAbstract Despite continuous efforts to understand self-critical inner dialogues, little is known about the best practices people use to overcome their self-critics. In this study, we aimed to analyse the self-critical cycles of participants who scored high on coping to understand the most adaptive strategies and responses to the self-critic. The consensual qualitative analysis was performed by a team of three researchers and one auditor. The high scorers were identified from a convenience sample of 1,683 participants. Twenty participants, 14 women and 6 men, were randomly chosen from the sample of individuals who scored high in self-reporting inventory of coping. In-depth repeat interviews were conducted with 15 participants for the main analysis, and 5 were added to check the data saturation. The results revealed three core themes – I am okay but I need improving; I am okay but improving would help; and I am not okay and it is hard to be different. Furthermore, six main types of self-critic emerged from the data: Teamster, Non-feeler, Worrier, Not good enough for self, Not good enough for others, and Hated self. Self-critic sequences included the trigger or specific situation evoking that self-critic; accompanying emotions and/ or self-awareness; a particular kind of self-criticism and self-compassionate and/or self-protective responses to the self-critic that form part of coping. The results supported the Emotion Focused Theory of change, with self-compassionate and self-protective responses being aimed at various types of self-critic. Self-critic specific nuances were also identified. The study provided the possibilities of working with different types of inner critics and could alleviate the suffering caused by them.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02250-2Self-criticSelf-compassionSelf-protectionSequencesConsensual qualitative research
spellingShingle Bronislava Šoková
Katarína Greškovičová
Júlia Halamová
Martina Baránková
Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
BMC Psychology
Self-critic
Self-compassion
Self-protection
Sequences
Consensual qualitative research
title Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
title_full Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
title_fullStr Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
title_full_unstemmed Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
title_short Breaking the vicious cycles of self-criticism: a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one’s inner critic
title_sort breaking the vicious cycles of self criticism a qualitative study on the best practices of overcoming one s inner critic
topic Self-critic
Self-compassion
Self-protection
Sequences
Consensual qualitative research
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02250-2
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