Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy

Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the antibiofilm and antibacterial efficacy of periostracum as an irrigant with and without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: The periostracum was extracted and mixed with silver nitrate solution (at 1:1 ratio). The periostracum was characterized us...

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Main Authors: Annie Sylvea Valan, Jogikalmat Krithikadatta, Mukesh Doble, Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Endodontology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/endo.endo_96_24
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author Annie Sylvea Valan
Jogikalmat Krithikadatta
Mukesh Doble
Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
author_facet Annie Sylvea Valan
Jogikalmat Krithikadatta
Mukesh Doble
Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
author_sort Annie Sylvea Valan
collection DOAJ
description Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the antibiofilm and antibacterial efficacy of periostracum as an irrigant with and without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: The periostracum was extracted and mixed with silver nitrate solution (at 1:1 ratio). The periostracum was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the antibiofilm efficacy of the irrigant against Enterococcus Faecalis was determined using the crystal violet assay. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to determine the number of viable and dead bacterial cells after the treatment of sixty extracted mandibular central incisors that were colonized with a biofilm of E. faecalis. The results were compared with standard irrigants that are currently in use. Results: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) had the highest antibiofilm efficacy and could inhibit the E. Faecalis biofilm by 93.15%. A higher concentration of periostracum showed 50% inhibition at 0.08–0.09 mg/ml, while periostracum-mediated AgN) irrigant demonstrated 50% inhibition at 0.01–0.02 mg/ml in a concentration-dependent manner. The root samples treated with NaOCl, when studied under CLSM, showed 95% dead cells. This was comparable to the root samples treated with 1 mg/ml of the periostracum-mediated AgNp irrigant, which showed 85% dead cells, while with periostracum alone, 23% viable cells and 77% dead cells were observed. Conclusion: Periostracum alone, as well as mediated silver nanoparticles, has a significant anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activity, which could be attributed to their synergistic effect.
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spelling doaj-art-252b4428e1a14e22bb7d12f87e9c5ecc2025-08-20T02:53:19ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsEndodontology0970-72122543-08312025-01-01371616810.4103/endo.endo_96_24Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacyAnnie Sylvea ValanJogikalmat KrithikadattaMukesh DobleMuthukrishnan LakshmipathyAim: The aim of the present study is to assess the antibiofilm and antibacterial efficacy of periostracum as an irrigant with and without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: The periostracum was extracted and mixed with silver nitrate solution (at 1:1 ratio). The periostracum was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the antibiofilm efficacy of the irrigant against Enterococcus Faecalis was determined using the crystal violet assay. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to determine the number of viable and dead bacterial cells after the treatment of sixty extracted mandibular central incisors that were colonized with a biofilm of E. faecalis. The results were compared with standard irrigants that are currently in use. Results: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) had the highest antibiofilm efficacy and could inhibit the E. Faecalis biofilm by 93.15%. A higher concentration of periostracum showed 50% inhibition at 0.08–0.09 mg/ml, while periostracum-mediated AgN) irrigant demonstrated 50% inhibition at 0.01–0.02 mg/ml in a concentration-dependent manner. The root samples treated with NaOCl, when studied under CLSM, showed 95% dead cells. This was comparable to the root samples treated with 1 mg/ml of the periostracum-mediated AgNp irrigant, which showed 85% dead cells, while with periostracum alone, 23% viable cells and 77% dead cells were observed. Conclusion: Periostracum alone, as well as mediated silver nanoparticles, has a significant anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activity, which could be attributed to their synergistic effect.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/endo.endo_96_24antibiofilm efficacybiofilmconfocal laser scanning analysisperiostracumseashellssilver nanoparticles
spellingShingle Annie Sylvea Valan
Jogikalmat Krithikadatta
Mukesh Doble
Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
Endodontology
antibiofilm efficacy
biofilm
confocal laser scanning analysis
periostracum
seashells
silver nanoparticles
title Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
title_full Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
title_fullStr Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
title_full_unstemmed Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
title_short Biofabrication of periostracum, the outer covering of seashells, mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
title_sort biofabrication of periostracum the outer covering of seashells mediated silver nano particles as a promising irrigant with antibiofilm efficacy
topic antibiofilm efficacy
biofilm
confocal laser scanning analysis
periostracum
seashells
silver nanoparticles
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/endo.endo_96_24
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