Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy

This paper presents an optimized nonlinear controller, the Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control (ISTSMC), for acute leukemia therapy. To enhance its performance, we introduce the RedFox Optimization Algorithm, a nature-inspired technique based on the hunting behavior of red foxes. This algor...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Munir Butt, Azhar Iqbal Kashif Butt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1077
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author Muhammad Munir Butt
Azhar Iqbal Kashif Butt
author_facet Muhammad Munir Butt
Azhar Iqbal Kashif Butt
author_sort Muhammad Munir Butt
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents an optimized nonlinear controller, the Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control (ISTSMC), for acute leukemia therapy. To enhance its performance, we introduce the RedFox Optimization Algorithm, a nature-inspired technique based on the hunting behavior of red foxes. This algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the controller parameters, ensuring optimal achievement of control objectives. We discuss the fundamentals of ISTSMC, Sliding Mode Control, and Synergetic Control, detailing their optimization methodology using the RedFox Algorithm. The effectiveness of ISTSMC is evaluated through numerical simulations and compared with traditional Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Synergetic Control (SC). The results demonstrate that ISTSMC achieves superior performance with a steady state error of 53.85, a settling time of 59.60, and a transient time of 4.7942, significantly outperforming SMC and SC. Additionally, ISTSMC reduces leukemic cell levels to a safe threshold more efficiently while maintaining healthy cell populations within acceptable limits. These improvements highlight the potential of ISTSMC in optimizing chemotherapy administration, ensuring better patient outcomes while minimizing side effects.
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spelling doaj-art-2528773b0df0489d9d7aa1da33495cd12025-08-20T03:06:24ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-03-01137107710.3390/math13071077Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia TherapyMuhammad Munir Butt0Azhar Iqbal Kashif Butt1School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaThis paper presents an optimized nonlinear controller, the Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control (ISTSMC), for acute leukemia therapy. To enhance its performance, we introduce the RedFox Optimization Algorithm, a nature-inspired technique based on the hunting behavior of red foxes. This algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the controller parameters, ensuring optimal achievement of control objectives. We discuss the fundamentals of ISTSMC, Sliding Mode Control, and Synergetic Control, detailing their optimization methodology using the RedFox Algorithm. The effectiveness of ISTSMC is evaluated through numerical simulations and compared with traditional Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Synergetic Control (SC). The results demonstrate that ISTSMC achieves superior performance with a steady state error of 53.85, a settling time of 59.60, and a transient time of 4.7942, significantly outperforming SMC and SC. Additionally, ISTSMC reduces leukemic cell levels to a safe threshold more efficiently while maintaining healthy cell populations within acceptable limits. These improvements highlight the potential of ISTSMC in optimizing chemotherapy administration, ensuring better patient outcomes while minimizing side effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1077acute leukemiachemotherapyIntegral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controlnonlinear control
spellingShingle Muhammad Munir Butt
Azhar Iqbal Kashif Butt
Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
Mathematics
acute leukemia
chemotherapy
Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control
nonlinear control
title Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
title_full Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
title_fullStr Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
title_short Optimized Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Acute Leukemia Therapy
title_sort optimized integral super twisting sliding mode control for acute leukemia therapy
topic acute leukemia
chemotherapy
Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control
nonlinear control
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1077
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