How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study
<b>Background</b>: Immunization information systems (IISs) in the United States forecast vaccine due dates, which can inform when providers recommend vaccines to patients. IIS forecasting for HPV vaccination at 9 years, the minimum age of licensure, and when vaccination is likely most ef...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/716 |
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| author | Nadja A. Vielot Isabelle K. Bucklin Kristy Westfall Deanna Kepka Gregory Zimet Sherri Zorn |
| author_facet | Nadja A. Vielot Isabelle K. Bucklin Kristy Westfall Deanna Kepka Gregory Zimet Sherri Zorn |
| author_sort | Nadja A. Vielot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Immunization information systems (IISs) in the United States forecast vaccine due dates, which can inform when providers recommend vaccines to patients. IIS forecasting for HPV vaccination at 9 years, the minimum age of licensure, and when vaccination is likely most effective is not documented or well-understood. <b>Methods</b>: We documented characteristics of HPV vaccination forecasts in jurisdictional IISs through Internet searches and requests to immunization program managers. Next, we conducted focus groups with stakeholders from seven jurisdictions to elucidate their processes for determining and implementing HPV vaccination forecasts. <b>Results</b>: Forecast data were available from 49 out of 64 CDC-funded jurisdictions, of which 14 (29%) recommended HPV vaccination at age 9 and 35 (71%) recommended HPV vaccination starting at ages 11 through to 15. Jurisdictions that recommended HPV vaccination at age 9 cited the positions of the American Cancer Society and American Academy of Pediatrics and reported little or no provider opposition to this recommendation. Jurisdictions reported variable flexibility in programming their forecasts. Those that changed their HPV vaccination forecast from 11 to 9 years did so easily while some experienced limitations. Other jurisdictions adhered strictly to the CDC’s routine recommendation at age 11–12 years and would only update the forecast in tandem with updated CDC guidance. The impact of IISs and electronic health record interoperability on how providers view and utilize IIS forecasting is unclear. <b>Conclusions</b>: Jurisdictions can share best practices for forecasting at 9 and future studies can evaluate the effects of forecasting age on the vaccination rates, providing evidence for nationwide vaccination recommendations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25172d6779014213a1202caec2d5fde0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-25172d6779014213a1202caec2d5fde02025-08-20T02:47:22ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-06-0113771610.3390/vaccines13070716How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods StudyNadja A. Vielot0Isabelle K. Bucklin1Kristy Westfall2Deanna Kepka3Gregory Zimet4Sherri Zorn5Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USASchool of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAAssociation of Immunization Managers, Rockville, MD 20850, USAHuntsman Cancer Institute and College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAWashington State HPV Free Task Force, Tumwater, WA 98501, USA<b>Background</b>: Immunization information systems (IISs) in the United States forecast vaccine due dates, which can inform when providers recommend vaccines to patients. IIS forecasting for HPV vaccination at 9 years, the minimum age of licensure, and when vaccination is likely most effective is not documented or well-understood. <b>Methods</b>: We documented characteristics of HPV vaccination forecasts in jurisdictional IISs through Internet searches and requests to immunization program managers. Next, we conducted focus groups with stakeholders from seven jurisdictions to elucidate their processes for determining and implementing HPV vaccination forecasts. <b>Results</b>: Forecast data were available from 49 out of 64 CDC-funded jurisdictions, of which 14 (29%) recommended HPV vaccination at age 9 and 35 (71%) recommended HPV vaccination starting at ages 11 through to 15. Jurisdictions that recommended HPV vaccination at age 9 cited the positions of the American Cancer Society and American Academy of Pediatrics and reported little or no provider opposition to this recommendation. Jurisdictions reported variable flexibility in programming their forecasts. Those that changed their HPV vaccination forecast from 11 to 9 years did so easily while some experienced limitations. Other jurisdictions adhered strictly to the CDC’s routine recommendation at age 11–12 years and would only update the forecast in tandem with updated CDC guidance. The impact of IISs and electronic health record interoperability on how providers view and utilize IIS forecasting is unclear. <b>Conclusions</b>: Jurisdictions can share best practices for forecasting at 9 and future studies can evaluate the effects of forecasting age on the vaccination rates, providing evidence for nationwide vaccination recommendations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/716human papillomavirusimmunization information systemvaccinationadolescents |
| spellingShingle | Nadja A. Vielot Isabelle K. Bucklin Kristy Westfall Deanna Kepka Gregory Zimet Sherri Zorn How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study Vaccines human papillomavirus immunization information system vaccination adolescents |
| title | How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_full | How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_fullStr | How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_short | How Immunization Information Systems Inform Age-Based HPV Vaccination Recommendations in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_sort | how immunization information systems inform age based hpv vaccination recommendations in the united states a mixed methods study |
| topic | human papillomavirus immunization information system vaccination adolescents |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/716 |
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