Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid
Abstract This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag2O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents, including silv...
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microbial Cell Factories |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9 |
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| author | Sikander Ali Hijab Zahra Muhammad Usman Ahmad Amany A. Abdel-Rheem Muhammad Afzaal Rab Nawaz Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi Ali Irfan Yousef A. Bin Jardan |
| author_facet | Sikander Ali Hijab Zahra Muhammad Usman Ahmad Amany A. Abdel-Rheem Muhammad Afzaal Rab Nawaz Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi Ali Irfan Yousef A. Bin Jardan |
| author_sort | Sikander Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag2O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents, including silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration and reaction time. Several characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed to determine the structural properties, morphology, and elemental composition of the synthesized HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of Ag2O nano-adsorbents by showing peaks having hkl values of 110, 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222, located at 2θ values of roughly 26.46°, 32.55°, 37.76°, 54.48°, 64.92° and 68.19°, respectively. SEM analysis indicated a mean particle size of 193.93 ± 0.23 nm for the nano-adsorbents, while EDX confirmed their elemental composition. The optimized nano-adsorbents were subjected to various applications, including the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency. The antibacterial activity of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents was evaluated against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus, Lactobacillus spp.) pathogens, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus (8 ± 0.4 mm inhibition zone), underscoring their potential to treat drug-resistent infections. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity, evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, exhibited a radical scavenging activity of 84.36 ± 0.44%. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents achieved 82.28% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye within 120 min, demonstrating robust photocatalytic activity. Unlike conventional Ag2O systems, these biohybrid nano-adsorbents combine the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag2O with the biocompatibility and biofilm-inhibiting properties of microbially-derived HA, enabling dual functionality not achieved in single-component systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25170207e7ac4df2bc615faed7387164 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1475-2859 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Microbial Cell Factories |
| spelling | doaj-art-25170207e7ac4df2bc615faed73871642025-08-20T03:26:48ZengBMCMicrobial Cell Factories1475-28592025-06-0124111710.1186/s12934-025-02750-9Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acidSikander Ali0Hijab Zahra1Muhammad Usman Ahmad2Amany A. Abdel-Rheem3Muhammad Afzaal4Rab Nawaz5Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi6Ali Irfan7Yousef A. Bin Jardan8Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University LahoreDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University LahoreDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University LahoreDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag UniversitySustainable Development Study Centre Government College University LahoreDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of LahoreDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University FaisalabadDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityAbstract This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag2O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents, including silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration and reaction time. Several characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed to determine the structural properties, morphology, and elemental composition of the synthesized HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of Ag2O nano-adsorbents by showing peaks having hkl values of 110, 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222, located at 2θ values of roughly 26.46°, 32.55°, 37.76°, 54.48°, 64.92° and 68.19°, respectively. SEM analysis indicated a mean particle size of 193.93 ± 0.23 nm for the nano-adsorbents, while EDX confirmed their elemental composition. The optimized nano-adsorbents were subjected to various applications, including the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency. The antibacterial activity of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents was evaluated against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus, Lactobacillus spp.) pathogens, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus (8 ± 0.4 mm inhibition zone), underscoring their potential to treat drug-resistent infections. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity, evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, exhibited a radical scavenging activity of 84.36 ± 0.44%. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents achieved 82.28% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye within 120 min, demonstrating robust photocatalytic activity. Unlike conventional Ag2O systems, these biohybrid nano-adsorbents combine the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag2O with the biocompatibility and biofilm-inhibiting properties of microbially-derived HA, enabling dual functionality not achieved in single-component systems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9Hyaluronic acidSilver oxideAntibacterial activityAntioxidant activityPhotocatalytic degradationEnvironmental remediation |
| spellingShingle | Sikander Ali Hijab Zahra Muhammad Usman Ahmad Amany A. Abdel-Rheem Muhammad Afzaal Rab Nawaz Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi Ali Irfan Yousef A. Bin Jardan Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid Microbial Cell Factories Hyaluronic acid Silver oxide Antibacterial activity Antioxidant activity Photocatalytic degradation Environmental remediation |
| title | Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid |
| title_full | Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid |
| title_short | Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid |
| title_sort | synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of ag₂o immobilized bacillus subtilis hyaluronic acid |
| topic | Hyaluronic acid Silver oxide Antibacterial activity Antioxidant activity Photocatalytic degradation Environmental remediation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9 |
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