Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid
Abstract This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag2O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents, including silv...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microbial Cell Factories |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9 |
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| Summary: | Abstract This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag2O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents, including silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration and reaction time. Several characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed to determine the structural properties, morphology, and elemental composition of the synthesized HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of Ag2O nano-adsorbents by showing peaks having hkl values of 110, 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222, located at 2θ values of roughly 26.46°, 32.55°, 37.76°, 54.48°, 64.92° and 68.19°, respectively. SEM analysis indicated a mean particle size of 193.93 ± 0.23 nm for the nano-adsorbents, while EDX confirmed their elemental composition. The optimized nano-adsorbents were subjected to various applications, including the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency. The antibacterial activity of HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents was evaluated against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus, Lactobacillus spp.) pathogens, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus (8 ± 0.4 mm inhibition zone), underscoring their potential to treat drug-resistent infections. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity, evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, exhibited a radical scavenging activity of 84.36 ± 0.44%. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the HA-Ag2O nano-adsorbents achieved 82.28% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye within 120 min, demonstrating robust photocatalytic activity. Unlike conventional Ag2O systems, these biohybrid nano-adsorbents combine the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag2O with the biocompatibility and biofilm-inhibiting properties of microbially-derived HA, enabling dual functionality not achieved in single-component systems. |
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| ISSN: | 1475-2859 |