Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
Abstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y |
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| author | Han Liu Meng Lon Iu Noor Hamdash Amr S. Helmy |
| author_facet | Han Liu Meng Lon Iu Noor Hamdash Amr S. Helmy |
| author_sort | Han Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under the continuous-wave pump and broadband phase-matching approximation, where the modal decomposition is non-unique. Specifically, any time-frequency mode with “self-conjugated” spectral symmetry can approximate a squeezing eigenmode, and partial homodyne detection can herald squeezing in arbitrary time-frequency modes. We demonstrate this using a high-efficiency, low-loss all-fiber source, measuring 4.38 ± 0.11 dB and 0.88 ± 0.09 dB squeezing on partially coherent and chaotic self-conjugated modes, respectively. Using a bichromatic self-conjugated mode with reduced local-oscillator noise, we achieve 7.50 ± 0.12 dB squeezing, which represents the highest level reported for fully guided-wave squeezing sources based on χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinearities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2514ddef7a7a4ae5addef0ae6b2a0a33 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-2514ddef7a7a4ae5addef0ae6b2a0a332025-08-20T03:05:14ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-61225-yTowards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiberHan Liu0Meng Lon Iu1Noor Hamdash2Amr S. Helmy3The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoAbstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under the continuous-wave pump and broadband phase-matching approximation, where the modal decomposition is non-unique. Specifically, any time-frequency mode with “self-conjugated” spectral symmetry can approximate a squeezing eigenmode, and partial homodyne detection can herald squeezing in arbitrary time-frequency modes. We demonstrate this using a high-efficiency, low-loss all-fiber source, measuring 4.38 ± 0.11 dB and 0.88 ± 0.09 dB squeezing on partially coherent and chaotic self-conjugated modes, respectively. Using a bichromatic self-conjugated mode with reduced local-oscillator noise, we achieve 7.50 ± 0.12 dB squeezing, which represents the highest level reported for fully guided-wave squeezing sources based on χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinearities.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y |
| spellingShingle | Han Liu Meng Lon Iu Noor Hamdash Amr S. Helmy Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber Nature Communications |
| title | Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| title_full | Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| title_fullStr | Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| title_short | Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| title_sort | towards arbitrary time frequency mode squeezing with self conjugated mode squeezing in fiber |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanliu towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber AT mengloniu towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber AT noorhamdash towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber AT amrshelmy towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber |