Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber

Abstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under...

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Main Authors: Han Liu, Meng Lon Iu, Noor Hamdash, Amr S. Helmy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y
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author Han Liu
Meng Lon Iu
Noor Hamdash
Amr S. Helmy
author_facet Han Liu
Meng Lon Iu
Noor Hamdash
Amr S. Helmy
author_sort Han Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under the continuous-wave pump and broadband phase-matching approximation, where the modal decomposition is non-unique. Specifically, any time-frequency mode with “self-conjugated” spectral symmetry can approximate a squeezing eigenmode, and partial homodyne detection can herald squeezing in arbitrary time-frequency modes. We demonstrate this using a high-efficiency, low-loss all-fiber source, measuring 4.38 ± 0.11 dB and 0.88 ± 0.09 dB squeezing on partially coherent and chaotic self-conjugated modes, respectively. Using a bichromatic self-conjugated mode with reduced local-oscillator noise, we achieve 7.50 ± 0.12 dB squeezing, which represents the highest level reported for fully guided-wave squeezing sources based on χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinearities.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-2514ddef7a7a4ae5addef0ae6b2a0a332025-08-20T03:05:14ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-61225-yTowards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiberHan Liu0Meng Lon Iu1Noor Hamdash2Amr S. Helmy3The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoThe Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of TorontoAbstract Optical parametric amplification generates squeezed light in device-specific sets of time-frequency eigenmodes, and it has been widely accepted that detection and utilization of squeezing must comply with this modal constraint. We show that this constraint can be considerably relaxed under the continuous-wave pump and broadband phase-matching approximation, where the modal decomposition is non-unique. Specifically, any time-frequency mode with “self-conjugated” spectral symmetry can approximate a squeezing eigenmode, and partial homodyne detection can herald squeezing in arbitrary time-frequency modes. We demonstrate this using a high-efficiency, low-loss all-fiber source, measuring 4.38 ± 0.11 dB and 0.88 ± 0.09 dB squeezing on partially coherent and chaotic self-conjugated modes, respectively. Using a bichromatic self-conjugated mode with reduced local-oscillator noise, we achieve 7.50 ± 0.12 dB squeezing, which represents the highest level reported for fully guided-wave squeezing sources based on χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinearities.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y
spellingShingle Han Liu
Meng Lon Iu
Noor Hamdash
Amr S. Helmy
Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
Nature Communications
title Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
title_full Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
title_fullStr Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
title_full_unstemmed Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
title_short Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
title_sort towards arbitrary time frequency mode squeezing with self conjugated mode squeezing in fiber
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61225-y
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AT noorhamdash towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber
AT amrshelmy towardsarbitrarytimefrequencymodesqueezingwithselfconjugatedmodesqueezinginfiber