Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review

This scoping review collates evidence for sex biases in the receipt of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) among patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients globally. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were screened for relevant literature, dated from inception...

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Main Authors: Christina Chen, Christopher Y. Z. Lo, Maxz J. C. Ho, Yaoyi Ng, Harold C. Y. Chan, Wellington H. K. Wu, Marcus E. H. Ong, Fahad J. Siddiqui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035794
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author Christina Chen
Christopher Y. Z. Lo
Maxz J. C. Ho
Yaoyi Ng
Harold C. Y. Chan
Wellington H. K. Wu
Marcus E. H. Ong
Fahad J. Siddiqui
author_facet Christina Chen
Christopher Y. Z. Lo
Maxz J. C. Ho
Yaoyi Ng
Harold C. Y. Chan
Wellington H. K. Wu
Marcus E. H. Ong
Fahad J. Siddiqui
author_sort Christina Chen
collection DOAJ
description This scoping review collates evidence for sex biases in the receipt of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) among patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients globally. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were screened for relevant literature, dated from inception to March 9, 2022. Studies evaluating the association between BCPR and sex/gender in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, except for pediatric populations and cardiac arrest cases with traumatic cause, were included. The review included 80 articles on BCPR in men and women globally; 58 of these studies evaluated sex differences in BCPR outcomes. Fifty‐nine percent of the relevant studies (34/58) indicated that women are less likely recipients of BCPR, 36% (21/58) observed no significant sex differences, and 5% (3/58) reported that women are more likely to receive BCPR. In other studies, women were found to be less likely to receive BCPR in public but equally or more likely to receive BCPR in residential settings. The general reluctance to perform BCPR on women in the Western countries was attributed to perceived frailty of women, chest exposure, pregnancy, gender stereotypes, oversexualization of women's bodies, and belief that women are unlikely to experience a cardiac arrest. Most studies worldwide indicated that women were less likely to receive BCPR than men. Further research from non‐Western countries is needed to understand the impact of cultural and socioeconomic settings on such biases and design customized interventions accordingly.
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spelling doaj-art-251241f81c9b412daf9dbbe248e2ed9a2025-08-20T01:52:50ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802024-09-01131810.1161/JAHA.124.035794Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping ReviewChristina Chen0Christopher Y. Z. Lo1Maxz J. C. Ho2Yaoyi Ng3Harold C. Y. Chan4Wellington H. K. Wu5Marcus E. H. Ong6Fahad J. Siddiqui7Prehospital and Emergency Research Centre, Health Services and Systems Research Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore SingaporeDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore SingaporeNational University Hospital Singapore SingaporeYong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore SingaporeSingapore General Hospital Singapore SingaporeYong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore SingaporeDepartment of Emergency Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore SingaporePrehospital and Emergency Research Centre, Health Services and Systems Research Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore SingaporeThis scoping review collates evidence for sex biases in the receipt of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) among patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients globally. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were screened for relevant literature, dated from inception to March 9, 2022. Studies evaluating the association between BCPR and sex/gender in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, except for pediatric populations and cardiac arrest cases with traumatic cause, were included. The review included 80 articles on BCPR in men and women globally; 58 of these studies evaluated sex differences in BCPR outcomes. Fifty‐nine percent of the relevant studies (34/58) indicated that women are less likely recipients of BCPR, 36% (21/58) observed no significant sex differences, and 5% (3/58) reported that women are more likely to receive BCPR. In other studies, women were found to be less likely to receive BCPR in public but equally or more likely to receive BCPR in residential settings. The general reluctance to perform BCPR on women in the Western countries was attributed to perceived frailty of women, chest exposure, pregnancy, gender stereotypes, oversexualization of women's bodies, and belief that women are unlikely to experience a cardiac arrest. Most studies worldwide indicated that women were less likely to receive BCPR than men. Further research from non‐Western countries is needed to understand the impact of cultural and socioeconomic settings on such biases and design customized interventions accordingly.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035794bystander CPRgenderout‐of‐hospital cardiac arrestsex
spellingShingle Christina Chen
Christopher Y. Z. Lo
Maxz J. C. Ho
Yaoyi Ng
Harold C. Y. Chan
Wellington H. K. Wu
Marcus E. H. Ong
Fahad J. Siddiqui
Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
bystander CPR
gender
out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
sex
title Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
title_full Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
title_short Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review
title_sort global sex disparities in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation after out of hospital cardiac arrest a scoping review
topic bystander CPR
gender
out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
sex
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035794
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