Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling

Today, micro-milling of NiTi alloys is used to manufacture precision mechanisms, instrumentation, space technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems, biomedical devices, and implants. It is becoming increasingly widespread. Micro-milling is the process of manufacturing high-precision small parts usi...

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Main Authors: Nataliia Balytska, Oleh Tomashevskyi, Valentina Shadura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sumy State University 2025-04-01
Series:Журнал інженерних наук
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Online Access:https://jes.sumdu.edu.ua/evaluation-of-cutting-forces-and-temperatures-in-micro-milling-of-niti-alloys-using-finite-element-modeling/
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author Nataliia Balytska
Oleh Tomashevskyi
Valentina Shadura
author_facet Nataliia Balytska
Oleh Tomashevskyi
Valentina Shadura
author_sort Nataliia Balytska
collection DOAJ
description Today, micro-milling of NiTi alloys is used to manufacture precision mechanisms, instrumentation, space technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems, biomedical devices, and implants. It is becoming increasingly widespread. Micro-milling is the process of manufacturing high-precision small parts using microtools, and it is characterized by more difficult chip formation conditions and higher specific cutting forces than conventional milling. These adverse effects are greatly amplified when machining difficult-to-machine materials such as NiTi alloy. Poor machinability of NiTi leads to high specific cutting energy, cutting forces and temperatures, severe tool wear, and excessive burr formation. The study’s main objective was to determine the dependence of cutting forces and temperatures on machining conditions and the recommended ratios of the micro-mills’ cutting-edge radius to minimum chip thickness and scaling coefficient. To investigate forces and cutting temperatures during the micro-milling of the austenitic Ni56.5Ti43.5 alloy utilizing end micro-mills with diameters 0.2 and 0.5 mm under variable cutting conditions, finite element modeling was applied using the DEFORM-3D software. The adequacy of the developed finite element model was proven by comparing the simulation results with experimental studies of cutting forces. Changes in cutting forces and temperatures were examined depending on the feed per tooth and cutting depth. The dependencies for specific cutting forces on the scaling coefficient were also determined. This enabled the establishment of acceptable limits for the scaling coefficient and the minimum chip thickness. The results may improve micro-milling technologies and enhance the efficiency of manufacturing products with micro-elements, such as biomedical devices and implants, precision mechanisms, and micro-electro-mechanical systems.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Sumy State University
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series Журнал інженерних наук
spelling doaj-art-2505529da4044330a7242e38d3baa39b2025-08-20T02:02:47ZengSumy State UniversityЖурнал інженерних наук2312-24982414-93812025-04-01121A20A2710.21272/jes.2025.12(1).a3Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element ModelingNataliia Balytska0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1363-8110Oleh Tomashevskyi1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-1866Valentina Shadura2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-876XZhytomyr Polytechnic State University, 103, Chudnivska St., 10005, Zhytomyr, UkraineZhytomyr Polytechnic State University, 103, Chudnivska St., 10005, Zhytomyr, UkraineZhytomyr Polytechnic State University, 103, Chudnivska St., 10005, Zhytomyr, UkraineToday, micro-milling of NiTi alloys is used to manufacture precision mechanisms, instrumentation, space technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems, biomedical devices, and implants. It is becoming increasingly widespread. Micro-milling is the process of manufacturing high-precision small parts using microtools, and it is characterized by more difficult chip formation conditions and higher specific cutting forces than conventional milling. These adverse effects are greatly amplified when machining difficult-to-machine materials such as NiTi alloy. Poor machinability of NiTi leads to high specific cutting energy, cutting forces and temperatures, severe tool wear, and excessive burr formation. The study’s main objective was to determine the dependence of cutting forces and temperatures on machining conditions and the recommended ratios of the micro-mills’ cutting-edge radius to minimum chip thickness and scaling coefficient. To investigate forces and cutting temperatures during the micro-milling of the austenitic Ni56.5Ti43.5 alloy utilizing end micro-mills with diameters 0.2 and 0.5 mm under variable cutting conditions, finite element modeling was applied using the DEFORM-3D software. The adequacy of the developed finite element model was proven by comparing the simulation results with experimental studies of cutting forces. Changes in cutting forces and temperatures were examined depending on the feed per tooth and cutting depth. The dependencies for specific cutting forces on the scaling coefficient were also determined. This enabled the establishment of acceptable limits for the scaling coefficient and the minimum chip thickness. The results may improve micro-milling technologies and enhance the efficiency of manufacturing products with micro-elements, such as biomedical devices and implants, precision mechanisms, and micro-electro-mechanical systems.https://jes.sumdu.edu.ua/evaluation-of-cutting-forces-and-temperatures-in-micro-milling-of-niti-alloys-using-finite-element-modeling/advanced manufacturingcutting conditionsfem simulationprocess optimizationscaling coefficientsustainable machiningprecision manufacturing
spellingShingle Nataliia Balytska
Oleh Tomashevskyi
Valentina Shadura
Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
Журнал інженерних наук
advanced manufacturing
cutting conditions
fem simulation
process optimization
scaling coefficient
sustainable machining
precision manufacturing
title Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
title_full Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
title_fullStr Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
title_short Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Micro-Milling of NiTi Alloys Using Finite Element Modeling
title_sort evaluation of cutting forces and temperatures in micro milling of niti alloys using finite element modeling
topic advanced manufacturing
cutting conditions
fem simulation
process optimization
scaling coefficient
sustainable machining
precision manufacturing
url https://jes.sumdu.edu.ua/evaluation-of-cutting-forces-and-temperatures-in-micro-milling-of-niti-alloys-using-finite-element-modeling/
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AT olehtomashevskyi evaluationofcuttingforcesandtemperaturesinmicromillingofnitialloysusingfiniteelementmodeling
AT valentinashadura evaluationofcuttingforcesandtemperaturesinmicromillingofnitialloysusingfiniteelementmodeling