Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents

Natural products (NPs) serve as a crucial source for leading bioactive compounds in drug discovery research. Numerous drugs currently utilized as therapeutic agents have been derived from natural origins, with medicinal plant (MP) sources being particularly significant. Despite the advancement of sy...

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Main Authors: Natalia Vaou, Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou, Georgios Rozos, Chrysa Saldari, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Georgia Vrioni, Athanasios Tsakris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/754
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author Natalia Vaou
Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
Georgios Rozos
Chrysa Saldari
Elisavet Stavropoulou
Georgia Vrioni
Athanasios Tsakris
author_facet Natalia Vaou
Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
Georgios Rozos
Chrysa Saldari
Elisavet Stavropoulou
Georgia Vrioni
Athanasios Tsakris
author_sort Natalia Vaou
collection DOAJ
description Natural products (NPs) serve as a crucial source for leading bioactive compounds in drug discovery research. Numerous drugs currently utilized as therapeutic agents have been derived from natural origins, with medicinal plant (MP) sources being particularly significant. Despite the advancement of synthetic chemistry, the importance of NPs persists due to their distinct chemical structures and varied biological activities. Moreover, recent advancements in technology have significantly aided in overcoming challenges, primarily due to inherent complexity. This review explores the potential of NPs in the process of drug discovery and development, placing emphasis on the blend of traditional knowledge with modern drug discovery techniques. A brief history of the development of NP drug discovery and examples of significant NPs developed in recent decades are also provided. The focus is on the various methods employed in authentication, selection, extraction/isolation, and bioactivity screening through the application of modern drug-development principles for NPs. Several cutting-edge techniques, such as genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, plant cell culture and synthetic biology utilizing “omics” technologies and computational methodologies enhancing research in NP drug discovery, are also highlighted. There are several problems and inherent challenges regarding NP drug discovery that need to be overcome. Despite the challenges that exist, NPs will be crucial for the future development of new therapeutic drugs, and it is expected that continuous research and the effective utilization of new approaches will further enhance drug discovery efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-24ecdb127bd14dffa80a0bc259c5d0f02025-08-20T03:27:22ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-06-0117675410.3390/pharmaceutics17060754Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic AgentsNatalia Vaou0Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou1Georgios Rozos2Chrysa Saldari3Elisavet Stavropoulou4Georgia Vrioni5Athanasios Tsakris6Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, GreeceLaboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, GreeceDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceNatural products (NPs) serve as a crucial source for leading bioactive compounds in drug discovery research. Numerous drugs currently utilized as therapeutic agents have been derived from natural origins, with medicinal plant (MP) sources being particularly significant. Despite the advancement of synthetic chemistry, the importance of NPs persists due to their distinct chemical structures and varied biological activities. Moreover, recent advancements in technology have significantly aided in overcoming challenges, primarily due to inherent complexity. This review explores the potential of NPs in the process of drug discovery and development, placing emphasis on the blend of traditional knowledge with modern drug discovery techniques. A brief history of the development of NP drug discovery and examples of significant NPs developed in recent decades are also provided. The focus is on the various methods employed in authentication, selection, extraction/isolation, and bioactivity screening through the application of modern drug-development principles for NPs. Several cutting-edge techniques, such as genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, plant cell culture and synthetic biology utilizing “omics” technologies and computational methodologies enhancing research in NP drug discovery, are also highlighted. There are several problems and inherent challenges regarding NP drug discovery that need to be overcome. Despite the challenges that exist, NPs will be crucial for the future development of new therapeutic drugs, and it is expected that continuous research and the effective utilization of new approaches will further enhance drug discovery efforts.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/754medicinal plantstraditional medicinesecondary metabolitesdrug discoverydrug developmentcutting-edge techniques
spellingShingle Natalia Vaou
Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
Georgios Rozos
Chrysa Saldari
Elisavet Stavropoulou
Georgia Vrioni
Athanasios Tsakris
Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
Pharmaceutics
medicinal plants
traditional medicine
secondary metabolites
drug discovery
drug development
cutting-edge techniques
title Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
title_full Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
title_fullStr Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
title_short Unraveling Nature’s Pharmacy: Transforming Medicinal Plants into Modern Therapeutic Agents
title_sort unraveling nature s pharmacy transforming medicinal plants into modern therapeutic agents
topic medicinal plants
traditional medicine
secondary metabolites
drug discovery
drug development
cutting-edge techniques
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/754
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