Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT
This paper presents the design and fabrication of flexible and gel-less electrodes using carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOHs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at thirteen different concentrations. The dispersion was attained by magnetic stirring and sonication u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Micro |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/16 |
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| author | Bani Gandhi Raghava Srinivasa Nallanthighal |
| author_facet | Bani Gandhi Raghava Srinivasa Nallanthighal |
| author_sort | Bani Gandhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the design and fabrication of flexible and gel-less electrodes using carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOHs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at thirteen different concentrations. The dispersion was attained by magnetic stirring and sonication using isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Physical characterizations like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The electrodes were fabricated using molds. The percolation threshold was achieved at 4 wt%. The ECG results were compared with conventional ECG electrodes and 3.5 wt% displayed the best results. Also, after using the electrodes for 5 days, the ECG signals did not degrade and no skin allergies were observed. The fabricated electrodes are suitable for long-term and continuous ECG monitoring, facilitated with the help of an Internet of Things (IoT) tracking system. The data can then be transmitted to the medical expert and loaded onto the cloud server for analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24e22b6eb2314b63a34e911faf87b6f9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-8023 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micro |
| spelling | doaj-art-24e22b6eb2314b63a34e911faf87b6f92025-08-20T02:20:59ZengMDPI AGMicro2673-80232025-04-01521610.3390/micro5020016Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoTBani Gandhi0Raghava Srinivasa Nallanthighal1Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Shahbad Daulatpur, Rohini, New Delhi 110042, IndiaElectronics and Communication Engineering Department, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Shahbad Daulatpur, Rohini, New Delhi 110042, IndiaThis paper presents the design and fabrication of flexible and gel-less electrodes using carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOHs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at thirteen different concentrations. The dispersion was attained by magnetic stirring and sonication using isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Physical characterizations like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The electrodes were fabricated using molds. The percolation threshold was achieved at 4 wt%. The ECG results were compared with conventional ECG electrodes and 3.5 wt% displayed the best results. Also, after using the electrodes for 5 days, the ECG signals did not degrade and no skin allergies were observed. The fabricated electrodes are suitable for long-term and continuous ECG monitoring, facilitated with the help of an Internet of Things (IoT) tracking system. The data can then be transmitted to the medical expert and loaded onto the cloud server for analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/16electrocardiogram (ECG)functionalized SWCNTspolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)Internet of Things (IoT)AWS cloud services |
| spellingShingle | Bani Gandhi Raghava Srinivasa Nallanthighal Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT Micro electrocardiogram (ECG) functionalized SWCNTs polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Internet of Things (IoT) AWS cloud services |
| title | Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT |
| title_full | Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT |
| title_short | Fabrication and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized SWCNT/PDMS-Based Electrodes for ECG Monitoring via IoT |
| title_sort | fabrication and analysis of carboxylic acid functionalized swcnt pdms based electrodes for ecg monitoring via iot |
| topic | electrocardiogram (ECG) functionalized SWCNTs polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Internet of Things (IoT) AWS cloud services |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT banigandhi fabricationandanalysisofcarboxylicacidfunctionalizedswcntpdmsbasedelectrodesforecgmonitoringviaiot AT raghavasrinivasanallanthighal fabricationandanalysisofcarboxylicacidfunctionalizedswcntpdmsbasedelectrodesforecgmonitoringviaiot |