Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
<i>MADS-box</i> genes are essential for plant development and secondary metabolism. The majority of genes within a genome exist in a gene family, each with specific functions. Ginseng is an herb used in medicine for its potential health benefits. The <i>MADS-Box</i> gene fami...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Katleho Senoko Lephoto Dinghui Wang Sizhang Liu Li Li Chaofan Wang Ruicen Liu Yue Jiang Aimin Wang Kangyu Wang Mingzhu Zhao Ping Chen Yi Wang Meiping Zhang |
| author_facet | Katleho Senoko Lephoto Dinghui Wang Sizhang Liu Li Li Chaofan Wang Ruicen Liu Yue Jiang Aimin Wang Kangyu Wang Mingzhu Zhao Ping Chen Yi Wang Meiping Zhang |
| author_sort | Katleho Senoko Lephoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>MADS-box</i> genes are essential for plant development and secondary metabolism. The majority of genes within a genome exist in a gene family, each with specific functions. Ginseng is an herb used in medicine for its potential health benefits. The <i>MADS-Box</i> gene family in Jilin ginseng has not been studied. This study investigated the evolution and structural and functional diversification of the <i>PgMADS</i> gene family using bioinformatics and analyzed gene expression through methyl jasmonate (MeJA) regulation. The results revealed that the evolution of the <i>PgMADS</i> gene family is diverged into ten clusters of a constructed phylogenetic tree, of which the <i>SOC1</i> cluster is the most prevalent with a higher number of <i>PgMADS</i> genes. Despite their distinct evolutionary clusters, a significant number of members contains common conserved motifs. The <i>PgMADS</i> gene family was functionally differentiated into three primary functional categories, biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. Their expression is variable within a tissue, at a developmental stage, and in cultivars. Regardless of the diversity of the functions of <i>PgMADS</i> genes and evolution, their expression correlated and formed a co-expression gene network. Weighted gene co-expression network analyses identified hub genes that could be regulating ginsenoside biosynthesis. Interestingly, the family also is involved in MeJA regulation. These findings provide a valuable reference for future investigations on <i>PgMADS</i> genes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24e0968197084c948aa5ce2919324dcd |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-24e0968197084c948aa5ce2919324dcd2024-12-27T14:47:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011324357410.3390/plants13243574Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. MeyerKatleho Senoko Lephoto0Dinghui Wang1Sizhang Liu2Li Li3Chaofan Wang4Ruicen Liu5Yue Jiang6Aimin Wang7Kangyu Wang8Mingzhu Zhao9Ping Chen10Yi Wang11Meiping Zhang12College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China<i>MADS-box</i> genes are essential for plant development and secondary metabolism. The majority of genes within a genome exist in a gene family, each with specific functions. Ginseng is an herb used in medicine for its potential health benefits. The <i>MADS-Box</i> gene family in Jilin ginseng has not been studied. This study investigated the evolution and structural and functional diversification of the <i>PgMADS</i> gene family using bioinformatics and analyzed gene expression through methyl jasmonate (MeJA) regulation. The results revealed that the evolution of the <i>PgMADS</i> gene family is diverged into ten clusters of a constructed phylogenetic tree, of which the <i>SOC1</i> cluster is the most prevalent with a higher number of <i>PgMADS</i> genes. Despite their distinct evolutionary clusters, a significant number of members contains common conserved motifs. The <i>PgMADS</i> gene family was functionally differentiated into three primary functional categories, biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. Their expression is variable within a tissue, at a developmental stage, and in cultivars. Regardless of the diversity of the functions of <i>PgMADS</i> genes and evolution, their expression correlated and formed a co-expression gene network. Weighted gene co-expression network analyses identified hub genes that could be regulating ginsenoside biosynthesis. Interestingly, the family also is involved in MeJA regulation. These findings provide a valuable reference for future investigations on <i>PgMADS</i> genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3574<i>Panax ginseng</i>ginsenosides<i>PgMADS</i> genesgene ontologygene expressionmethyl jasmonate regulation |
| spellingShingle | Katleho Senoko Lephoto Dinghui Wang Sizhang Liu Li Li Chaofan Wang Ruicen Liu Yue Jiang Aimin Wang Kangyu Wang Mingzhu Zhao Ping Chen Yi Wang Meiping Zhang Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer Plants <i>Panax ginseng</i> ginsenosides <i>PgMADS</i> genes gene ontology gene expression methyl jasmonate regulation |
| title | Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer |
| title_full | Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer |
| title_fullStr | Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer |
| title_short | Evolution, Structural and Functional Characteristics of the <i>MADS-box</i> Gene Family and Gene Expression Through Methyl Jasmonate Regulation in <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer |
| title_sort | evolution structural and functional characteristics of the i mads box i gene family and gene expression through methyl jasmonate regulation in i panax ginseng i c a meyer |
| topic | <i>Panax ginseng</i> ginsenosides <i>PgMADS</i> genes gene ontology gene expression methyl jasmonate regulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3574 |
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