The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the nexus between the critical success factors (CSFs) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the financial performance of SMEs operating in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR-Congo). To achieve this objective, a quantitative approac...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jean-Marie Mbuya, Natanya Meyer, Vivence Kalitanyi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00545-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849334151310737408
author Jean-Marie Mbuya
Natanya Meyer
Vivence Kalitanyi
author_facet Jean-Marie Mbuya
Natanya Meyer
Vivence Kalitanyi
author_sort Jean-Marie Mbuya
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the nexus between the critical success factors (CSFs) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the financial performance of SMEs operating in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR-Congo). To achieve this objective, a quantitative approach was employed, and the data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of closed questions, using a cluster sampling approach with only established SMEs being considered. In total, 464 fully completed questionnaires were retained for further analysis. The analysis was conducted with SPSS version 28. The findings from the regression analysis reveal a significant positive relationship between financial performance and market orientation, ICT adoption and management competency. The study was underpinned by resource-based view and contingency theories. From a theoretical viewpoint, the findings support the resource-based view by reinforcing the importance of a firm's internal capabilities, such as ICT, market orientation (customer and competitor) and management competency in achieving financial performance. From a practical viewpoint, the study has identified which CSFs should be prioritised to achieve high financial performance. As for contingency theory, the study demonstrates that financial performance is enhanced when strategies are tailored to local conditions. Practically speaking, the necessity of context-specific strategies rather than uniform approaches in different economic contexts is emphasised. These findings imply that all stakeholders involved in SME management should develop strategies to enhance ICT adoption, assist SMEs in improving their market orientation strategies and provide training to strengthen SMEs’ management competency, which can all further improve financial performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-24dc4e71455c4ee28a2015e2bf91a1be
institution Kabale University
issn 2192-5372
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
spelling doaj-art-24dc4e71455c4ee28a2015e2bf91a1be2025-08-20T03:45:39ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship2192-53722025-07-0114112110.1186/s13731-025-00545-1The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countriesJean-Marie Mbuya0Natanya Meyer1Vivence Kalitanyi2Department of Business Management, School of Management, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Business Management, School of Management, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Business Management, School of Management, University of JohannesburgAbstract The aim of this paper is to explore the nexus between the critical success factors (CSFs) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the financial performance of SMEs operating in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR-Congo). To achieve this objective, a quantitative approach was employed, and the data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of closed questions, using a cluster sampling approach with only established SMEs being considered. In total, 464 fully completed questionnaires were retained for further analysis. The analysis was conducted with SPSS version 28. The findings from the regression analysis reveal a significant positive relationship between financial performance and market orientation, ICT adoption and management competency. The study was underpinned by resource-based view and contingency theories. From a theoretical viewpoint, the findings support the resource-based view by reinforcing the importance of a firm's internal capabilities, such as ICT, market orientation (customer and competitor) and management competency in achieving financial performance. From a practical viewpoint, the study has identified which CSFs should be prioritised to achieve high financial performance. As for contingency theory, the study demonstrates that financial performance is enhanced when strategies are tailored to local conditions. Practically speaking, the necessity of context-specific strategies rather than uniform approaches in different economic contexts is emphasised. These findings imply that all stakeholders involved in SME management should develop strategies to enhance ICT adoption, assist SMEs in improving their market orientation strategies and provide training to strengthen SMEs’ management competency, which can all further improve financial performance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00545-1Critical success factorsFinancial performanceSmall and medium enterprisesDR-CongoSouth Africa
spellingShingle Jean-Marie Mbuya
Natanya Meyer
Vivence Kalitanyi
The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Critical success factors
Financial performance
Small and medium enterprises
DR-Congo
South Africa
title The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
title_full The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
title_fullStr The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
title_full_unstemmed The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
title_short The nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance: evidence from Southern and Central African countries
title_sort nexus between small and medium enterprises critical success factors and financial performance evidence from southern and central african countries
topic Critical success factors
Financial performance
Small and medium enterprises
DR-Congo
South Africa
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00545-1
work_keys_str_mv AT jeanmariembuya thenexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries
AT natanyameyer thenexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries
AT vivencekalitanyi thenexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries
AT jeanmariembuya nexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries
AT natanyameyer nexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries
AT vivencekalitanyi nexusbetweensmallandmediumenterprisescriticalsuccessfactorsandfinancialperformanceevidencefromsouthernandcentralafricancountries