Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground

ABSTRACT Plant functional traits help determine resource acquisition strategies. Global trends at the interspecific scale suggest independence between leaf and root traits described by three functional dimensions: resource acquisition above‐ and belowground and degree of mycorrhizal collaboration be...

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Main Authors: Samuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison, Inés Ibáñez, Monique Weemstra, Lais Petri, María Natalia Umaña
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Plant-Environment Interactions
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70019
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author Samuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison
Inés Ibáñez
Monique Weemstra
Lais Petri
María Natalia Umaña
author_facet Samuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison
Inés Ibáñez
Monique Weemstra
Lais Petri
María Natalia Umaña
author_sort Samuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Plant functional traits help determine resource acquisition strategies. Global trends at the interspecific scale suggest independence between leaf and root traits described by three functional dimensions: resource acquisition above‐ and belowground and degree of mycorrhizal collaboration belowground. However, there are ecological and evolutionary reasons to expect different patterns of variation within species, especially within seedlings—the stage at which most tree mortality occurs. Describing the intraspecific patterns of trait variation in seedlings will improve the understanding of tree populations' ability to cope with environmental change. We ask the following questions: (1) How do traits above‐ and belowground co‐vary within species? (2) How do traits relate to soil nutrients and light conditions? We collected root and leaf traits on 131 seedlings from four naturally occurring woody species across eight sites in a temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest in the USA. We measured traits reflecting resource use strategies—specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, root nitrogen, and root tissue density—and those defining the collaboration axis—specific root length and root diameter. We measured light conditions for each seedling and soil nitrogen and phosphorus to examine the relationship between traits and abiotic conditions using a novel multivariate regression analysis approach. We found that above‐ and belowground traits segregated into independent functional axes and that the collaboration axis merged with the belowground resource‐acquisition axis. We found limited associations between abiotic factors and traits. Our findings suggest that within species, there might be additional constraints to adjust to soil conditions and therefore impact response to environmental change.
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spelling doaj-art-24dbe43d2b3c40cd8575a1bb0ea264722025-08-20T02:51:02ZengWileyPlant-Environment Interactions2575-62652024-12-0156n/an/a10.1002/pei3.70019Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” BelowgroundSamuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison0Inés Ibáñez1Monique Weemstra2Lais Petri3María Natalia Umaña4University of Michigan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ann Arbor Michigan USAUniversity of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability Ann Arbor Michigan USAUniversity of Michigan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ann Arbor Michigan USAUniversity of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability Ann Arbor Michigan USAUniversity of Michigan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ann Arbor Michigan USAABSTRACT Plant functional traits help determine resource acquisition strategies. Global trends at the interspecific scale suggest independence between leaf and root traits described by three functional dimensions: resource acquisition above‐ and belowground and degree of mycorrhizal collaboration belowground. However, there are ecological and evolutionary reasons to expect different patterns of variation within species, especially within seedlings—the stage at which most tree mortality occurs. Describing the intraspecific patterns of trait variation in seedlings will improve the understanding of tree populations' ability to cope with environmental change. We ask the following questions: (1) How do traits above‐ and belowground co‐vary within species? (2) How do traits relate to soil nutrients and light conditions? We collected root and leaf traits on 131 seedlings from four naturally occurring woody species across eight sites in a temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest in the USA. We measured traits reflecting resource use strategies—specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, root nitrogen, and root tissue density—and those defining the collaboration axis—specific root length and root diameter. We measured light conditions for each seedling and soil nitrogen and phosphorus to examine the relationship between traits and abiotic conditions using a novel multivariate regression analysis approach. We found that above‐ and belowground traits segregated into independent functional axes and that the collaboration axis merged with the belowground resource‐acquisition axis. We found limited associations between abiotic factors and traits. Our findings suggest that within species, there might be additional constraints to adjust to soil conditions and therefore impact response to environmental change.https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70019canopy opennessfunctional traitssoil nutrientstemperate seedlingstrait covariation
spellingShingle Samuel A. Z. Schaffer‐Morrison
Inés Ibáñez
Monique Weemstra
Lais Petri
María Natalia Umaña
Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
Plant-Environment Interactions
canopy openness
functional traits
soil nutrients
temperate seedlings
trait covariation
title Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
title_full Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
title_fullStr Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
title_full_unstemmed Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
title_short Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
title_sort intraspecific trait variation in seedlings reveals independence between leaf and root traits but a lack of an independent collaboration axis belowground
topic canopy openness
functional traits
soil nutrients
temperate seedlings
trait covariation
url https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70019
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