How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century

IntroductionHow many species there are in the world remains a fundamental scientific question, serving as a critical reference for formulating and implementing effective biodiversity conservation strategies. The accelerating global biodiversity crisis has propelled scientific interest in understandi...

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Main Authors: Dongmin Shi, Kuiling Zu, Jiahui Nong, Wenjing Yang, Yuting Zhang, Shuai Liao, Guojin Zhu, Jie Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1605431/full
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author Dongmin Shi
Dongmin Shi
Kuiling Zu
Kuiling Zu
Jiahui Nong
Jiahui Nong
Wenjing Yang
Yuting Zhang
Yuting Zhang
Shuai Liao
Guojin Zhu
Guojin Zhu
Jie Sun
Jie Sun
author_facet Dongmin Shi
Dongmin Shi
Kuiling Zu
Kuiling Zu
Jiahui Nong
Jiahui Nong
Wenjing Yang
Yuting Zhang
Yuting Zhang
Shuai Liao
Guojin Zhu
Guojin Zhu
Jie Sun
Jie Sun
author_sort Dongmin Shi
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionHow many species there are in the world remains a fundamental scientific question, serving as a critical reference for formulating and implementing effective biodiversity conservation strategies. The accelerating global biodiversity crisis has propelled scientific interest in understanding spatial-temporal patterns of new species discovery, particularly as these findings inform urgent conservation priorities. Digitalization of plant specimens provides important information on the discovery process of new species and clarifies the general situation of the core distributions in China over the last century. However, the new species discovery process of plants has not been the focus of much attention in Asia. The study analyzes digitized herbarium specimen data to investigate new species discoveries, specimen collection gaps, and collection preferences in China over the past century.MethodsFirst, we collected the herbarium type specimens data. Then we analyzed sampling biases of functional traits (life form, floral colors, fruit colors and types) in specimens collection and summarize distributional patterns in new species discovery. We answered the question of what plant species are more likely to be found and explored the distribution areas of new species discoveries over the last century.ResultsOur results reveal that there are more new plant species been found in herbaceous plants (90.8%) than woody (9.2%) plants, and new species with bright flowers and fruits, and the smaller height are easier to be discovered. There is also an observable inter-annual and seasonal variation in the discovery of new species, with peak collections occurring four year periods, and summer (June-August) witnessing the highest number of new species discoveries. The southern regions of China offer easier access to new species, and higher numbers of new species have been identified in the regions with the richness of plant diversity. The number of specimens collected by individuals (58%) surpasses those collected by teams (42%).DiscussionMore attention should also be paid to species with different plant functional traits (herbs, species with bright flowers and fruits) and the potential distribution of vacant regions. This study provides scientific reference and direction for the accelerating discovery of more new species in the future, and also contribute to the future conservation of biodiversity.
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spelling doaj-art-24c7930204fe45bca9e69e5f0cd1f3e02025-08-20T02:36:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-07-011610.3389/fpls.2025.16054311605431How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past centuryDongmin Shi0Dongmin Shi1Kuiling Zu2Kuiling Zu3Jiahui Nong4Jiahui Nong5Wenjing Yang6Yuting Zhang7Yuting Zhang8Shuai Liao9Guojin Zhu10Guojin Zhu11Jie Sun12Jie Sun13Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGrassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaIntroductionHow many species there are in the world remains a fundamental scientific question, serving as a critical reference for formulating and implementing effective biodiversity conservation strategies. The accelerating global biodiversity crisis has propelled scientific interest in understanding spatial-temporal patterns of new species discovery, particularly as these findings inform urgent conservation priorities. Digitalization of plant specimens provides important information on the discovery process of new species and clarifies the general situation of the core distributions in China over the last century. However, the new species discovery process of plants has not been the focus of much attention in Asia. The study analyzes digitized herbarium specimen data to investigate new species discoveries, specimen collection gaps, and collection preferences in China over the past century.MethodsFirst, we collected the herbarium type specimens data. Then we analyzed sampling biases of functional traits (life form, floral colors, fruit colors and types) in specimens collection and summarize distributional patterns in new species discovery. We answered the question of what plant species are more likely to be found and explored the distribution areas of new species discoveries over the last century.ResultsOur results reveal that there are more new plant species been found in herbaceous plants (90.8%) than woody (9.2%) plants, and new species with bright flowers and fruits, and the smaller height are easier to be discovered. There is also an observable inter-annual and seasonal variation in the discovery of new species, with peak collections occurring four year periods, and summer (June-August) witnessing the highest number of new species discoveries. The southern regions of China offer easier access to new species, and higher numbers of new species have been identified in the regions with the richness of plant diversity. The number of specimens collected by individuals (58%) surpasses those collected by teams (42%).DiscussionMore attention should also be paid to species with different plant functional traits (herbs, species with bright flowers and fruits) and the potential distribution of vacant regions. This study provides scientific reference and direction for the accelerating discovery of more new species in the future, and also contribute to the future conservation of biodiversity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1605431/fullbiodiversitydigitized plant specimenherbariumspecimen collectiontaxonomic practiceplant conservation
spellingShingle Dongmin Shi
Dongmin Shi
Kuiling Zu
Kuiling Zu
Jiahui Nong
Jiahui Nong
Wenjing Yang
Yuting Zhang
Yuting Zhang
Shuai Liao
Guojin Zhu
Guojin Zhu
Jie Sun
Jie Sun
How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
Frontiers in Plant Science
biodiversity
digitized plant specimen
herbarium
specimen collection
taxonomic practice
plant conservation
title How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
title_full How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
title_fullStr How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
title_full_unstemmed How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
title_short How new plant species have been discovered in China: collection gaps and preferences over the past century
title_sort how new plant species have been discovered in china collection gaps and preferences over the past century
topic biodiversity
digitized plant specimen
herbarium
specimen collection
taxonomic practice
plant conservation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1605431/full
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