Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness
<b>Objectives</b>: We aimed to analyze the landscape of viral respiratory illnesses (VRIs) in a large metropolitan area in Southern California with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study within the UCLA Health System, which...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/2/29 |
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| author | Juan Raphael Caldera Tawny Saleh Trevon Fuller Shangxin Yang Karin Nielsen-Saines |
| author_facet | Juan Raphael Caldera Tawny Saleh Trevon Fuller Shangxin Yang Karin Nielsen-Saines |
| author_sort | Juan Raphael Caldera |
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| description | <b>Objectives</b>: We aimed to analyze the landscape of viral respiratory illnesses (VRIs) in a large metropolitan area in Southern California with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study within the UCLA Health System, which evaluated children aged 0–5 years who received comprehensive respiratory viral panel (cRVP) testing during August–February of 2018–2023. The patient demographics, disease severity, and clinical course were specifically compared during the pandemic. Predictors of significant VRI were determined by multivariate logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: A total of 1321 children underwent cRVP testing, and 753 positive subjects were identified during the study period. Rhinovirus (RV) was by far the most frequent virus detected across 5 years, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Along with RSV and human metapneumovirus, RV was identified as an independent risk for significant disease and occurred irrespective of co-infection with other viruses. <b>Conclusions</b>: RV was the most common viral pathogen in young children, even during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and was an independent driver of moderate-to-severe disease, particularly in children with comorbidities. Ethnic disparities were also observed as a risk for significant disease, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and heightened clinical vigilance in pediatric populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24c437b8b3d74b0091d8b173ee5bfef5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2036-7449 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-24c437b8b3d74b0091d8b173ee5bfef52025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGInfectious Disease Reports2036-74492025-04-011722910.3390/idr17020029Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory IllnessJuan Raphael Caldera0Tawny Saleh1Trevon Fuller2Shangxin Yang3Karin Nielsen-Saines4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 11633 San Vicente Blvd, Brentwood Annex, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USADivision of Preventive Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 22-442 MDCC Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 11633 San Vicente Blvd, Brentwood Annex, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USADivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 22-442 MDCC Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA<b>Objectives</b>: We aimed to analyze the landscape of viral respiratory illnesses (VRIs) in a large metropolitan area in Southern California with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study within the UCLA Health System, which evaluated children aged 0–5 years who received comprehensive respiratory viral panel (cRVP) testing during August–February of 2018–2023. The patient demographics, disease severity, and clinical course were specifically compared during the pandemic. Predictors of significant VRI were determined by multivariate logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: A total of 1321 children underwent cRVP testing, and 753 positive subjects were identified during the study period. Rhinovirus (RV) was by far the most frequent virus detected across 5 years, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Along with RSV and human metapneumovirus, RV was identified as an independent risk for significant disease and occurred irrespective of co-infection with other viruses. <b>Conclusions</b>: RV was the most common viral pathogen in young children, even during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and was an independent driver of moderate-to-severe disease, particularly in children with comorbidities. Ethnic disparities were also observed as a risk for significant disease, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and heightened clinical vigilance in pediatric populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/2/29respiratory virusrhinoviruspediatric infections |
| spellingShingle | Juan Raphael Caldera Tawny Saleh Trevon Fuller Shangxin Yang Karin Nielsen-Saines Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness Infectious Disease Reports respiratory virus rhinovirus pediatric infections |
| title | Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness |
| title_full | Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness |
| title_short | Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness |
| title_sort | multi year analysis of respiratory viral dynamics reveals significance of rhinovirus in young children with severe respiratory illness |
| topic | respiratory virus rhinovirus pediatric infections |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/2/29 |
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