Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis
One of the main components of innate defense against invasive parasites is oxidative stress, which is brought on by reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, oxidative stressors serve two purposes: free radicals aid in the elimination of pathogens, but they can also set off inflammation, whi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2525 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846154227485769728 |
|---|---|
| author | Sarmistha Saha Nadezhda Sachivkina Olga Kuznetsova Ekaterina Neborak Natallia Zhabo |
| author_facet | Sarmistha Saha Nadezhda Sachivkina Olga Kuznetsova Ekaterina Neborak Natallia Zhabo |
| author_sort | Sarmistha Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the main components of innate defense against invasive parasites is oxidative stress, which is brought on by reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, oxidative stressors serve two purposes: free radicals aid in the elimination of pathogens, but they can also set off inflammation, which leads to tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of numerous genes involved in the body’s defense against oxidative stress brought on by aging, inflammation, tissue damage, and other pathological consequences. From cutaneous to visceral forms, <i>Leishmania</i> parasites invade macrophages and cause a wide range of human pathologies. <i>Leishmania</i> parasites have a wide range of adaptive mechanisms that disrupt several macrophage functions by altering host signaling pathways. An increasing amount of data are corroborating the idea that one of the primary antioxidant routes to counteract this oxidative burst against parasites is NRF2 signaling, which also interferes with immune responses. The nature and potency of the host immune response, as well as interactions between the invading <i>Leishmania</i> spp., will ascertain the course of infection and the parasites’ eventual survival or eradication. The molecular processes via which Nrf2 coordinates such intricate networks comprising various pathways remain to be completely understood. In light of NRF2’s significant contribution to oxidative stress, we examine the NRF2 antioxidant pathway’s activation mechanism in <i>Leishmania</i> infection in this review. Thus, this review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and leishmaniasis, as well as explore potential therapeutic strategies for modifying this system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24c21ce8e1e34a5f92adfc21a77f780f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-24c21ce8e1e34a5f92adfc21a77f780f2024-11-26T17:53:06ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011211252510.3390/biomedicines12112525Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in LeishmaniasisSarmistha Saha0Nadezhda Sachivkina1Olga Kuznetsova2Ekaterina Neborak3Natallia Zhabo4Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, RussiaOne of the main components of innate defense against invasive parasites is oxidative stress, which is brought on by reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, oxidative stressors serve two purposes: free radicals aid in the elimination of pathogens, but they can also set off inflammation, which leads to tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of numerous genes involved in the body’s defense against oxidative stress brought on by aging, inflammation, tissue damage, and other pathological consequences. From cutaneous to visceral forms, <i>Leishmania</i> parasites invade macrophages and cause a wide range of human pathologies. <i>Leishmania</i> parasites have a wide range of adaptive mechanisms that disrupt several macrophage functions by altering host signaling pathways. An increasing amount of data are corroborating the idea that one of the primary antioxidant routes to counteract this oxidative burst against parasites is NRF2 signaling, which also interferes with immune responses. The nature and potency of the host immune response, as well as interactions between the invading <i>Leishmania</i> spp., will ascertain the course of infection and the parasites’ eventual survival or eradication. The molecular processes via which Nrf2 coordinates such intricate networks comprising various pathways remain to be completely understood. In light of NRF2’s significant contribution to oxidative stress, we examine the NRF2 antioxidant pathway’s activation mechanism in <i>Leishmania</i> infection in this review. Thus, this review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and leishmaniasis, as well as explore potential therapeutic strategies for modifying this system.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2525<i>Leishmania</i>macrophageHO-1NRF2gene expression |
| spellingShingle | Sarmistha Saha Nadezhda Sachivkina Olga Kuznetsova Ekaterina Neborak Natallia Zhabo Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis Biomedicines <i>Leishmania</i> macrophage HO-1 NRF2 gene expression |
| title | Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis |
| title_full | Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis |
| title_fullStr | Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis |
| title_short | Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis |
| title_sort | advance in nrf2 signaling pathway in leishmaniasis |
| topic | <i>Leishmania</i> macrophage HO-1 NRF2 gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2525 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarmisthasaha advanceinnrf2signalingpathwayinleishmaniasis AT nadezhdasachivkina advanceinnrf2signalingpathwayinleishmaniasis AT olgakuznetsova advanceinnrf2signalingpathwayinleishmaniasis AT ekaterinaneborak advanceinnrf2signalingpathwayinleishmaniasis AT natalliazhabo advanceinnrf2signalingpathwayinleishmaniasis |