Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
To elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Haoru Guo Wei Liu Geling Yan Yifan Dong Chongshuo Guan Zhiyan Zhang Changhao Zhao Linxuan Xia Da Zhu Chunhua Zhao Han Sun Yongzhen Wu Jianguo Wu Ran Qin Fa Cui |
| author_facet | Haoru Guo Wei Liu Geling Yan Yifan Dong Chongshuo Guan Zhiyan Zhang Changhao Zhao Linxuan Xia Da Zhu Chunhua Zhao Han Sun Yongzhen Wu Jianguo Wu Ran Qin Fa Cui |
| author_sort | Haoru Guo |
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| description | To elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were analyzed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, along with a simplified physical map. A total of 37 unconditional QTLs and 34 conditional QTLs were identified. Six QTLs exhibited independent effects from individual traits (KL, KW, or KDR), while 18 QTLs showed common influences from two or three of these traits simultaneously. Additionally, 26 pairs of epistatically interacting QTLs involving 16 loci were detected. Subsequently, fine mapping of the stable and major-effect QTL <i>QTkw1B</i> was carried out using the derived near-isogenic lines (NILs), ultimately locating it within the interval of 698.15–700.19 Mb on chromosome 1B of the KN9204 genome. The conditional QTL analysis and genetic effect analysis based on NILs both indicated that the increase in TKW was primarily contributed by kernel length. The QTL identified in the present study through the combination of conditional and unconditional QTL mapping could increase the understanding of the genetic interrelationships between TKW and kernel size traits at the individual QTL level and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent candidate gene mining. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24c1053db17842b189bd06ccb9df10a2 |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-24c1053db17842b189bd06ccb9df10a22025-08-20T02:21:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412184810.3390/plants14121848Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common WheatHaoru Guo0Wei Liu1Geling Yan2Yifan Dong3Chongshuo Guan4Zhiyan Zhang5Changhao Zhao6Linxuan Xia7Da Zhu8Chunhua Zhao9Han Sun10Yongzhen Wu11Jianguo Wu12Ran Qin13Fa Cui14Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaCollege of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan 311300, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaTo elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were analyzed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, along with a simplified physical map. A total of 37 unconditional QTLs and 34 conditional QTLs were identified. Six QTLs exhibited independent effects from individual traits (KL, KW, or KDR), while 18 QTLs showed common influences from two or three of these traits simultaneously. Additionally, 26 pairs of epistatically interacting QTLs involving 16 loci were detected. Subsequently, fine mapping of the stable and major-effect QTL <i>QTkw1B</i> was carried out using the derived near-isogenic lines (NILs), ultimately locating it within the interval of 698.15–700.19 Mb on chromosome 1B of the KN9204 genome. The conditional QTL analysis and genetic effect analysis based on NILs both indicated that the increase in TKW was primarily contributed by kernel length. The QTL identified in the present study through the combination of conditional and unconditional QTL mapping could increase the understanding of the genetic interrelationships between TKW and kernel size traits at the individual QTL level and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent candidate gene mining.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1848wheatthousand-kernel weightconditional QTLunconditional QTLfine mapping |
| spellingShingle | Haoru Guo Wei Liu Geling Yan Yifan Dong Chongshuo Guan Zhiyan Zhang Changhao Zhao Linxuan Xia Da Zhu Chunhua Zhao Han Sun Yongzhen Wu Jianguo Wu Ran Qin Fa Cui Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat Plants wheat thousand-kernel weight conditional QTL unconditional QTL fine mapping |
| title | Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat |
| title_full | Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat |
| title_short | Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat |
| title_sort | conditional qtl analysis and fine mapping for thousand kernel weight in common wheat |
| topic | wheat thousand-kernel weight conditional QTL unconditional QTL fine mapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1848 |
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