Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat

To elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were...

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Main Authors: Haoru Guo, Wei Liu, Geling Yan, Yifan Dong, Chongshuo Guan, Zhiyan Zhang, Changhao Zhao, Linxuan Xia, Da Zhu, Chunhua Zhao, Han Sun, Yongzhen Wu, Jianguo Wu, Ran Qin, Fa Cui
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1848
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author Haoru Guo
Wei Liu
Geling Yan
Yifan Dong
Chongshuo Guan
Zhiyan Zhang
Changhao Zhao
Linxuan Xia
Da Zhu
Chunhua Zhao
Han Sun
Yongzhen Wu
Jianguo Wu
Ran Qin
Fa Cui
author_facet Haoru Guo
Wei Liu
Geling Yan
Yifan Dong
Chongshuo Guan
Zhiyan Zhang
Changhao Zhao
Linxuan Xia
Da Zhu
Chunhua Zhao
Han Sun
Yongzhen Wu
Jianguo Wu
Ran Qin
Fa Cui
author_sort Haoru Guo
collection DOAJ
description To elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were analyzed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, along with a simplified physical map. A total of 37 unconditional QTLs and 34 conditional QTLs were identified. Six QTLs exhibited independent effects from individual traits (KL, KW, or KDR), while 18 QTLs showed common influences from two or three of these traits simultaneously. Additionally, 26 pairs of epistatically interacting QTLs involving 16 loci were detected. Subsequently, fine mapping of the stable and major-effect QTL <i>QTkw1B</i> was carried out using the derived near-isogenic lines (NILs), ultimately locating it within the interval of 698.15–700.19 Mb on chromosome 1B of the KN9204 genome. The conditional QTL analysis and genetic effect analysis based on NILs both indicated that the increase in TKW was primarily contributed by kernel length. The QTL identified in the present study through the combination of conditional and unconditional QTL mapping could increase the understanding of the genetic interrelationships between TKW and kernel size traits at the individual QTL level and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent candidate gene mining.
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spelling doaj-art-24c1053db17842b189bd06ccb9df10a22025-08-20T02:21:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412184810.3390/plants14121848Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common WheatHaoru Guo0Wei Liu1Geling Yan2Yifan Dong3Chongshuo Guan4Zhiyan Zhang5Changhao Zhao6Linxuan Xia7Da Zhu8Chunhua Zhao9Han Sun10Yongzhen Wu11Jianguo Wu12Ran Qin13Fa Cui14Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaCollege of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan 311300, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaYantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation, Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting & Breeding Research Center, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaTo elucidate the genetic basis of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) related to fundamental traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel diameter ratio (KDR) at the individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) level, both unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis for TKW were analyzed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, along with a simplified physical map. A total of 37 unconditional QTLs and 34 conditional QTLs were identified. Six QTLs exhibited independent effects from individual traits (KL, KW, or KDR), while 18 QTLs showed common influences from two or three of these traits simultaneously. Additionally, 26 pairs of epistatically interacting QTLs involving 16 loci were detected. Subsequently, fine mapping of the stable and major-effect QTL <i>QTkw1B</i> was carried out using the derived near-isogenic lines (NILs), ultimately locating it within the interval of 698.15–700.19 Mb on chromosome 1B of the KN9204 genome. The conditional QTL analysis and genetic effect analysis based on NILs both indicated that the increase in TKW was primarily contributed by kernel length. The QTL identified in the present study through the combination of conditional and unconditional QTL mapping could increase the understanding of the genetic interrelationships between TKW and kernel size traits at the individual QTL level and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent candidate gene mining.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1848wheatthousand-kernel weightconditional QTLunconditional QTLfine mapping
spellingShingle Haoru Guo
Wei Liu
Geling Yan
Yifan Dong
Chongshuo Guan
Zhiyan Zhang
Changhao Zhao
Linxuan Xia
Da Zhu
Chunhua Zhao
Han Sun
Yongzhen Wu
Jianguo Wu
Ran Qin
Fa Cui
Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
Plants
wheat
thousand-kernel weight
conditional QTL
unconditional QTL
fine mapping
title Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
title_full Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
title_fullStr Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
title_full_unstemmed Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
title_short Conditional QTL Analysis and Fine Mapping for Thousand-Kernel Weight in Common Wheat
title_sort conditional qtl analysis and fine mapping for thousand kernel weight in common wheat
topic wheat
thousand-kernel weight
conditional QTL
unconditional QTL
fine mapping
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1848
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