A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.

<h4>Background</h4>We systematically reviewed interventions that attempted to change staff practice to improve long-term care resident outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>Studies met criteria if they used a control group, included 6 or more nursing home units and quantitatively assessed...

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Main Authors: Lee-Fay Low, Jennifer Fletcher, Belinda Goodenough, Yun-Hee Jeon, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Margaret MacAndrew, Elizabeth Beattie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2015-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140711&type=printable
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author Lee-Fay Low
Jennifer Fletcher
Belinda Goodenough
Yun-Hee Jeon
Christopher Etherton-Beer
Margaret MacAndrew
Elizabeth Beattie
author_facet Lee-Fay Low
Jennifer Fletcher
Belinda Goodenough
Yun-Hee Jeon
Christopher Etherton-Beer
Margaret MacAndrew
Elizabeth Beattie
author_sort Lee-Fay Low
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>We systematically reviewed interventions that attempted to change staff practice to improve long-term care resident outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>Studies met criteria if they used a control group, included 6 or more nursing home units and quantitatively assessed staff behavior or resident outcomes. Intervention components were coded as including education material, training, audit and feedback, monitoring, champions, team meetings, policy or procedures and organizational restructure.<h4>Results</h4>Sixty-three unique studies were broadly grouped according to clinical domain-oral health (3 studies), hygiene and infection control (3 studies), nutrition (2 studies), nursing home acquired pneumonia (2 studies), depression (2 studies) appropriate prescribing (7 studies), reduction of physical restraints (3 studies), management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (6 studies), falls reduction and prevention (11 studies), quality improvement (9 studies), philosophy of care (10 studies) and other (5 studies). No single intervention component, combination of, or increased number of components was associated with greater likelihood of positive outcomes. Studies with positive outcomes for residents also tended to change staff behavior, however changing staff behavior did not necessarily improve resident outcomes. Studies targeting specific care tasks (e.g. oral care, physical restraints) were more likely to produce positive outcomes than those requiring global practice changes (e.g. care philosophy). Studies using intervention theories were more likely to be successful. Program logic was rarely articulated, so it was often unclear whether there was a coherent connection between the intervention components and measured outcomes. Many studies reported barriers relating to staff (e.g. turnover, high workload, attitudes) or organizational factors (e.g. funding, resources, logistics).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Changing staff practice in nursing homes is possible but complex. Interventionists should consider barriers and feasibility of program components to impact on each intended outcome.
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spelling doaj-art-24bb58147f3745719e7565f191dcdffa2025-08-20T03:49:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-011011e014071110.1371/journal.pone.0140711A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.Lee-Fay LowJennifer FletcherBelinda GoodenoughYun-Hee JeonChristopher Etherton-BeerMargaret MacAndrewElizabeth Beattie<h4>Background</h4>We systematically reviewed interventions that attempted to change staff practice to improve long-term care resident outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>Studies met criteria if they used a control group, included 6 or more nursing home units and quantitatively assessed staff behavior or resident outcomes. Intervention components were coded as including education material, training, audit and feedback, monitoring, champions, team meetings, policy or procedures and organizational restructure.<h4>Results</h4>Sixty-three unique studies were broadly grouped according to clinical domain-oral health (3 studies), hygiene and infection control (3 studies), nutrition (2 studies), nursing home acquired pneumonia (2 studies), depression (2 studies) appropriate prescribing (7 studies), reduction of physical restraints (3 studies), management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (6 studies), falls reduction and prevention (11 studies), quality improvement (9 studies), philosophy of care (10 studies) and other (5 studies). No single intervention component, combination of, or increased number of components was associated with greater likelihood of positive outcomes. Studies with positive outcomes for residents also tended to change staff behavior, however changing staff behavior did not necessarily improve resident outcomes. Studies targeting specific care tasks (e.g. oral care, physical restraints) were more likely to produce positive outcomes than those requiring global practice changes (e.g. care philosophy). Studies using intervention theories were more likely to be successful. Program logic was rarely articulated, so it was often unclear whether there was a coherent connection between the intervention components and measured outcomes. Many studies reported barriers relating to staff (e.g. turnover, high workload, attitudes) or organizational factors (e.g. funding, resources, logistics).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Changing staff practice in nursing homes is possible but complex. Interventionists should consider barriers and feasibility of program components to impact on each intended outcome.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140711&type=printable
spellingShingle Lee-Fay Low
Jennifer Fletcher
Belinda Goodenough
Yun-Hee Jeon
Christopher Etherton-Beer
Margaret MacAndrew
Elizabeth Beattie
A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
PLoS ONE
title A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
title_full A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
title_fullStr A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
title_short A Systematic Review of Interventions to Change Staff Care Practices in Order to Improve Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes.
title_sort systematic review of interventions to change staff care practices in order to improve resident outcomes in nursing homes
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140711&type=printable
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