Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp.
The application of high-resolution methods to reconstruct the ecology and behavior of large-herbivores within Late Pleistocene contexts in Europe has revealed increasing evidence for variability in diet, habitat preference, ranges and mobility patterns through time and space. This data has major imp...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1458040/full |
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| author | Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Sarah Barakat Andreas Pastoors Mary Lucas Mary Lucas Erin Scott Petrus Le Roux Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts |
| author_facet | Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Sarah Barakat Andreas Pastoors Mary Lucas Mary Lucas Erin Scott Petrus Le Roux Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts |
| author_sort | Phoebe Heddell-Stevens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The application of high-resolution methods to reconstruct the ecology and behavior of large-herbivores within Late Pleistocene contexts in Europe has revealed increasing evidence for variability in diet, habitat preference, ranges and mobility patterns through time and space. This data has major implications for interpretations of hominin subsistence strategies in terms of prey-species selection, which rest to a large extent, on the spatial ecology of these animals and their resulting availability in the environment. To this end, multi-isotope analysis of faunal remains from archaeological sites has been shown to provide direct information in herbivore movements and ranges that move beyond assumptions of consistency in animal behavior through time. The Middle Paleolithic site of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Northern Germany, has been put forward as a prime example of specialized hunting of a single taxon – reindeer – by Neanderthals. However, questions remain around the number and season of hunting events. Here we employ strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis in combination with stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and horse (Equus sp.) to reconstruct the sub-annual dietary and ranging behaviors of these prey-species at Salzgitter. We find that reindeer exhibit parallel seasonal shifts in diet and likely experienced similar environmental conditions. While the majority of the reindeer display the potential for long-distance climate-induced migrations, mobility patterns and seasonal ranges appear to have differed between individuals. This may be indicative of behavioral flexibility, particularly in migratory behavior of reindeer, during this period in Northern Germany. Horses analyzed here likely consumed a graze-based diet year-round, while potentially undertaking more residential movements on a seasonal basis. We briefly discuss potential implications of these findings on Neanderthal hunting strategies at the site. Finally, we discuss the challenges to the application of 87Sr/86Sr as a provenancing tool in Central Europe, and the importance of multi-isotope approaches and development of additional spatial proxies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-249ea5749af6466bb24ffac8168f9afa |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2813-432X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology |
| spelling | doaj-art-249ea5749af6466bb24ffac8168f9afa2025-08-20T02:00:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology2813-432X2024-12-01310.3389/fearc.2024.14580401458040Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp.Phoebe Heddell-Stevens0Phoebe Heddell-Stevens1Sarah Barakat2Andreas Pastoors3Mary Lucas4Mary Lucas5Erin Scott6Petrus Le Roux7Patrick Roberts8Patrick Roberts9Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Oriental Studies, Indo-European Studies, Prehistoric and Early Historical Archaeology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United KingdomInstitute for Prehistory and Early History, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Botany, University Museum of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Geosciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaisoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyThe application of high-resolution methods to reconstruct the ecology and behavior of large-herbivores within Late Pleistocene contexts in Europe has revealed increasing evidence for variability in diet, habitat preference, ranges and mobility patterns through time and space. This data has major implications for interpretations of hominin subsistence strategies in terms of prey-species selection, which rest to a large extent, on the spatial ecology of these animals and their resulting availability in the environment. To this end, multi-isotope analysis of faunal remains from archaeological sites has been shown to provide direct information in herbivore movements and ranges that move beyond assumptions of consistency in animal behavior through time. The Middle Paleolithic site of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Northern Germany, has been put forward as a prime example of specialized hunting of a single taxon – reindeer – by Neanderthals. However, questions remain around the number and season of hunting events. Here we employ strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis in combination with stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and horse (Equus sp.) to reconstruct the sub-annual dietary and ranging behaviors of these prey-species at Salzgitter. We find that reindeer exhibit parallel seasonal shifts in diet and likely experienced similar environmental conditions. While the majority of the reindeer display the potential for long-distance climate-induced migrations, mobility patterns and seasonal ranges appear to have differed between individuals. This may be indicative of behavioral flexibility, particularly in migratory behavior of reindeer, during this period in Northern Germany. Horses analyzed here likely consumed a graze-based diet year-round, while potentially undertaking more residential movements on a seasonal basis. We briefly discuss potential implications of these findings on Neanderthal hunting strategies at the site. Finally, we discuss the challenges to the application of 87Sr/86Sr as a provenancing tool in Central Europe, and the importance of multi-isotope approaches and development of additional spatial proxies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1458040/fullpalaeoecologyreindeerenamelisotope analysisLate PleistoceneNeanderthal |
| spellingShingle | Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Phoebe Heddell-Stevens Sarah Barakat Andreas Pastoors Mary Lucas Mary Lucas Erin Scott Petrus Le Roux Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology palaeoecology reindeer enamel isotope analysis Late Pleistocene Neanderthal |
| title | Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. |
| title_full | Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. |
| title_fullStr | Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. |
| title_short | Spatial palaeoecology of large-herbivore hominin prey-species at Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany: multi-isotope analysis of sequentially-sampled tooth enamel from Rangifer tarandus and Equus sp. |
| title_sort | spatial palaeoecology of large herbivore hominin prey species at salzgitter lebenstedt lower saxony germany multi isotope analysis of sequentially sampled tooth enamel from rangifer tarandus and equus sp |
| topic | palaeoecology reindeer enamel isotope analysis Late Pleistocene Neanderthal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1458040/full |
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