Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the change in spinal posture, mechanical stiffness, and motor control of the thoracolumbar spine in individuals who were asymptomatic and those with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) of flexion pattern (FP) or active extension pattern (AEP)...

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Main Authors: Geoffrey C. W. Yu, Jessica C. Y. Yeung, Matthew H. M. Chan, Kate C. T. Tong, Sara K. W. Poon, Eliza R. Sun, Sharon M. H. Tsang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01843-0
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author Geoffrey C. W. Yu
Jessica C. Y. Yeung
Matthew H. M. Chan
Kate C. T. Tong
Sara K. W. Poon
Eliza R. Sun
Sharon M. H. Tsang
author_facet Geoffrey C. W. Yu
Jessica C. Y. Yeung
Matthew H. M. Chan
Kate C. T. Tong
Sara K. W. Poon
Eliza R. Sun
Sharon M. H. Tsang
author_sort Geoffrey C. W. Yu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the change in spinal posture, mechanical stiffness, and motor control of the thoracolumbar spine in individuals who were asymptomatic and those with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) of flexion pattern (FP) or active extension pattern (AEP) during pushing and pulling tasks performed in standing. The real-time thoracolumbar posture, mechanical stiffness, electromyographic amplitude and synergy between specified trunk muscle pairs (Internal Oblique and Multifidus, Rectus Abdominis and Erector Spinae, Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominis, Multifidus and Erector Spinae) were analysed during quiet standing, standing pushing and pulling tasks against a load standardized at 15% of the individual body weight in a total of 39 individuals (asymptomatic, n = 14; FP, n = 11; AEP, n = 14). Pulling task resulted in greater lumbar posterior translation (p = 0.009) and Rectus Abdominis activity (p = 0.006), but smaller lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001) when compared to pushing task. Pulling task also resulted smaller lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001) and thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.003) comparing to upright standing. AEP group showed a significantly greater amplitude of their Internal Oblique activity when compared to those who were asymptomatic across all tasks (p = 0.001). Findings suggested that pulling manoeuvre in standing produced greater shear at the lumbar spine than that of pushing manoeuvre. Individuals with low back pain executed the low-load push/pull tasks with the motor strategy largely comparable to asymptomatic group. Future studies investigating the cumulative effect of repetitive push/pull loadings on the movement and motor control of the spine are warranted to better understand the long-term impacts on spinal health.
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spelling doaj-art-249d1ea9727b47b49f25fcc565a83af32025-08-20T03:10:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-01843-0Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back painGeoffrey C. W. Yu0Jessica C. Y. Yeung1Matthew H. M. Chan2Kate C. T. Tong3Sara K. W. Poon4Eliza R. Sun5Sharon M. H. Tsang6Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityAbstract This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the change in spinal posture, mechanical stiffness, and motor control of the thoracolumbar spine in individuals who were asymptomatic and those with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) of flexion pattern (FP) or active extension pattern (AEP) during pushing and pulling tasks performed in standing. The real-time thoracolumbar posture, mechanical stiffness, electromyographic amplitude and synergy between specified trunk muscle pairs (Internal Oblique and Multifidus, Rectus Abdominis and Erector Spinae, Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominis, Multifidus and Erector Spinae) were analysed during quiet standing, standing pushing and pulling tasks against a load standardized at 15% of the individual body weight in a total of 39 individuals (asymptomatic, n = 14; FP, n = 11; AEP, n = 14). Pulling task resulted in greater lumbar posterior translation (p = 0.009) and Rectus Abdominis activity (p = 0.006), but smaller lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001) when compared to pushing task. Pulling task also resulted smaller lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001) and thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.003) comparing to upright standing. AEP group showed a significantly greater amplitude of their Internal Oblique activity when compared to those who were asymptomatic across all tasks (p = 0.001). Findings suggested that pulling manoeuvre in standing produced greater shear at the lumbar spine than that of pushing manoeuvre. Individuals with low back pain executed the low-load push/pull tasks with the motor strategy largely comparable to asymptomatic group. Future studies investigating the cumulative effect of repetitive push/pull loadings on the movement and motor control of the spine are warranted to better understand the long-term impacts on spinal health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01843-0ClassificationLow back painMechanical stiffnessMotor controlSpinal posture
spellingShingle Geoffrey C. W. Yu
Jessica C. Y. Yeung
Matthew H. M. Chan
Kate C. T. Tong
Sara K. W. Poon
Eliza R. Sun
Sharon M. H. Tsang
Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
Scientific Reports
Classification
Low back pain
Mechanical stiffness
Motor control
Spinal posture
title Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
title_full Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
title_fullStr Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
title_full_unstemmed Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
title_short Spinal posture, stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
title_sort spinal posture stiffness and motor control during pushing and pulling in flexion and active extension patterns of chronic nonspecific low back pain
topic Classification
Low back pain
Mechanical stiffness
Motor control
Spinal posture
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01843-0
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