Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor
Natural polymers, polysaccharides, demonstrate piezoelectric behavior suitable for force sensor manufacturing. Carrageenan hydrogel film with α-iron oxide particles can act as a piezoelectric polysaccharide-based force sensor. The mechanical impact on the hydrogel caused by a falling ball shows the...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4594 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849770614000189440 |
|---|---|
| author | Vytautas Bučinskas Uldis Žaimis Dainius Udris Jūratė Jolanta Petronienė Andrius Dzedzickis |
| author_facet | Vytautas Bučinskas Uldis Žaimis Dainius Udris Jūratė Jolanta Petronienė Andrius Dzedzickis |
| author_sort | Vytautas Bučinskas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural polymers, polysaccharides, demonstrate piezoelectric behavior suitable for force sensor manufacturing. Carrageenan hydrogel film with α-iron oxide particles can act as a piezoelectric polysaccharide-based force sensor. The mechanical impact on the hydrogel caused by a falling ball shows the impact response time, which is measured in milliseconds. Repeating several experiments in a row shows the dynamics of fatigue, which does not reduce the speed of response to impact. Through the practical experiments, we sought to demonstrate how theoretical knowledge describes the hydrogel we elaborated, which works as a piezoelectric material. In addition to the theoretical basis, which includes the operation of the metal and metal oxide contact junction, the interaction between the metal oxide and the hydrogel surfaces, the paper presents the practical application of this knowledge to the complex hydrogel film. The simple calculations presented in this paper are intended to predict the hydrogel film’s characteristics and explain the results obtained during practical experiments. Carrageenan, as a low-cost and already widely used polysaccharide in various industries, is suitable for the production of low-cost force sensors in combination with iron oxide. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24952173cfc34aba9e5551efbb9b5d6e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-24952173cfc34aba9e5551efbb9b5d6e2025-08-20T03:02:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012515459410.3390/s25154594Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force SensorVytautas Bučinskas0Uldis Žaimis1Dainius Udris2Jūratė Jolanta Petronienė3Andrius Dzedzickis4Department of Mechatronics, Robotics and Digital Manufacturing, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, LithuaniaRTU Liepaja Academy, Riga Technical University, Lielā iela 14, LV-3401 Liepāja, LatviaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Mechatronics, Robotics and Digital Manufacturing, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Mechatronics, Robotics and Digital Manufacturing, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, LithuaniaNatural polymers, polysaccharides, demonstrate piezoelectric behavior suitable for force sensor manufacturing. Carrageenan hydrogel film with α-iron oxide particles can act as a piezoelectric polysaccharide-based force sensor. The mechanical impact on the hydrogel caused by a falling ball shows the impact response time, which is measured in milliseconds. Repeating several experiments in a row shows the dynamics of fatigue, which does not reduce the speed of response to impact. Through the practical experiments, we sought to demonstrate how theoretical knowledge describes the hydrogel we elaborated, which works as a piezoelectric material. In addition to the theoretical basis, which includes the operation of the metal and metal oxide contact junction, the interaction between the metal oxide and the hydrogel surfaces, the paper presents the practical application of this knowledge to the complex hydrogel film. The simple calculations presented in this paper are intended to predict the hydrogel film’s characteristics and explain the results obtained during practical experiments. Carrageenan, as a low-cost and already widely used polysaccharide in various industries, is suitable for the production of low-cost force sensors in combination with iron oxide.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4594force sensorcarrageenanα-iron (III) oxidepiezoelectricpiezoresistivitypiezoeffect |
| spellingShingle | Vytautas Bučinskas Uldis Žaimis Dainius Udris Jūratė Jolanta Petronienė Andrius Dzedzickis Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor Sensors force sensor carrageenan α-iron (III) oxide piezoelectric piezoresistivity piezoeffect |
| title | Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor |
| title_full | Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor |
| title_short | Piezoelectric Effect of k-Carrageenan as a Tool for Force Sensor |
| title_sort | piezoelectric effect of k carrageenan as a tool for force sensor |
| topic | force sensor carrageenan α-iron (III) oxide piezoelectric piezoresistivity piezoeffect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4594 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vytautasbucinskas piezoelectriceffectofkcarrageenanasatoolforforcesensor AT uldiszaimis piezoelectriceffectofkcarrageenanasatoolforforcesensor AT dainiusudris piezoelectriceffectofkcarrageenanasatoolforforcesensor AT juratejolantapetroniene piezoelectriceffectofkcarrageenanasatoolforforcesensor AT andriusdzedzickis piezoelectriceffectofkcarrageenanasatoolforforcesensor |