Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection

Abstract The Mediterranean Sea releases approximately 1 Sv of water into the North Atlantic through the Gibraltar Straits, forming the saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Its impact on large‐scale flow and specifically its northbound Lagrangian pathways are widely debated, yet a comprehensive...

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Main Authors: Ori Saporta‐Katz, Nadav Mantel, Rotem Liran, Vered Rom‐Kedar, Hezi Gildor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-06-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105662
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author Ori Saporta‐Katz
Nadav Mantel
Rotem Liran
Vered Rom‐Kedar
Hezi Gildor
author_facet Ori Saporta‐Katz
Nadav Mantel
Rotem Liran
Vered Rom‐Kedar
Hezi Gildor
author_sort Ori Saporta‐Katz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Mediterranean Sea releases approximately 1 Sv of water into the North Atlantic through the Gibraltar Straits, forming the saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Its impact on large‐scale flow and specifically its northbound Lagrangian pathways are widely debated, yet a comprehensive overview of MOW pathways over recent decades is lacking. We calculate and analyze synthetic Lagrangian trajectories in 1980–2020 reanalysis velocity data. Sixteen percent of the MOW follow a direct northbound path to the sub‐polar gyre, reaching a 1,000 m depth crossing window at the southern tip of Rockall Ridge in about 10 years. Surprisingly, time‐dependent chaotic advection, not steady currents, drives over half of the northbound transport. Our results suggest a potential 15–20 years predictability in the direct northbound transport. Additionally, monthly variability appears more significant than inter‐annual variability in Lagrangian mixing and spreading the MOW.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0094-8276
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publishDate 2024-06-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-24804c44605a4979bdc0a552c8b7de162025-08-20T03:49:37ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-06-015112n/an/a10.1029/2023GL105662Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic AdvectionOri Saporta‐Katz0Nadav Mantel1Rotem Liran2Vered Rom‐Kedar3Hezi Gildor4Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot IsraelInstitute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem IsraelInstitute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem IsraelDepartment of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot IsraelInstitute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem IsraelAbstract The Mediterranean Sea releases approximately 1 Sv of water into the North Atlantic through the Gibraltar Straits, forming the saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Its impact on large‐scale flow and specifically its northbound Lagrangian pathways are widely debated, yet a comprehensive overview of MOW pathways over recent decades is lacking. We calculate and analyze synthetic Lagrangian trajectories in 1980–2020 reanalysis velocity data. Sixteen percent of the MOW follow a direct northbound path to the sub‐polar gyre, reaching a 1,000 m depth crossing window at the southern tip of Rockall Ridge in about 10 years. Surprisingly, time‐dependent chaotic advection, not steady currents, drives over half of the northbound transport. Our results suggest a potential 15–20 years predictability in the direct northbound transport. Additionally, monthly variability appears more significant than inter‐annual variability in Lagrangian mixing and spreading the MOW.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105662Lagrangian trajectoriesMediterranean Outflow Waternorthbound transportsub‐polar gyre indexspreading and mixingtime‐dependent chaotic advection
spellingShingle Ori Saporta‐Katz
Nadav Mantel
Rotem Liran
Vered Rom‐Kedar
Hezi Gildor
Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
Geophysical Research Letters
Lagrangian trajectories
Mediterranean Outflow Water
northbound transport
sub‐polar gyre index
spreading and mixing
time‐dependent chaotic advection
title Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
title_full Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
title_fullStr Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
title_full_unstemmed Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
title_short Northbound Transport of the Mediterranean Outflow and the Role of Time‐Dependent Chaotic Advection
title_sort northbound transport of the mediterranean outflow and the role of time dependent chaotic advection
topic Lagrangian trajectories
Mediterranean Outflow Water
northbound transport
sub‐polar gyre index
spreading and mixing
time‐dependent chaotic advection
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105662
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