Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) or acute pyelonephritis can lead to renal scarring and impact the subsequent renal function progression. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in renal function related to UTI requiring hospital admission (UTI/HA) and the association between...

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Main Authors: Deng-Chi Yang, Jo-Yen Chao, Chih-Yen Hsiao, Chien-Tzu Tseng, Wei-Hung Lin, Te-Hui Kuo, Ming-Cheng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Infection and Public Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125000619
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author Deng-Chi Yang
Jo-Yen Chao
Chih-Yen Hsiao
Chien-Tzu Tseng
Wei-Hung Lin
Te-Hui Kuo
Ming-Cheng Wang
author_facet Deng-Chi Yang
Jo-Yen Chao
Chih-Yen Hsiao
Chien-Tzu Tseng
Wei-Hung Lin
Te-Hui Kuo
Ming-Cheng Wang
author_sort Deng-Chi Yang
collection DOAJ
description Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) or acute pyelonephritis can lead to renal scarring and impact the subsequent renal function progression. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in renal function related to UTI requiring hospital admission (UTI/HA) and the association between UTI/HA and long-term renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective observational study. Renal events and renal function before and after UTI/HA in CKD patients were analyzed for short-term and mid-term renal outcomes. A case-control study with multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and risk of long-term renal outcomes (kidney replacement therapy or death, KRT/death) in adult CKD patients. Results: This study included 1062 adult CKD patients, with 340 KRT and 76 deaths identified during a median follow-up of 105 months. Among 174 patients with UTI/HA, 59 (33.9 %) had bacteremia, 90 (51.7 %) acute kidney injury (AKI), and one in-hospital mortality. There was a faster decline rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after UTI/HA compared to the pre-UTI/HA period [median (IQR) 0.37 (0.17–0.72) versus 0.19 (0.06–0.36) ml/min/1.73 m2 per month, P < 0.0001]. The incidence of UTI/HA was similar between the KRT/death and the CKD non-dialysis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline eGFR, baseline eGFR decline rate and number of hospital admission were significantly associated with an increased risk of KRT/death. Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of UTI/HA on renal function and renal outcomes in adult CKD patients. It demonstrates a high incidence of in-hospital AKI but low mortality, and accelerated deterioration of renal function following UTI/HA. Long-term renal outcomes were influenced by the baseline renal function and progression rate, and the frequency of hospital admission. UTI/HA may be regarded as a potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression. However, there is a need for further analysis to isolate the impact of UTI/HA from pre-existing renal function decline on long-term renal outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-247e2297afbc4181a57d4274ec68c4562025-08-20T02:09:40ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412025-05-0118510271210.1016/j.jiph.2025.102712Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progressionDeng-Chi Yang0Jo-Yen Chao1Chih-Yen Hsiao2Chien-Tzu Tseng3Wei-Hung Lin4Te-Hui Kuo5Ming-Cheng Wang6Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Douliu Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Correspondence to: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) or acute pyelonephritis can lead to renal scarring and impact the subsequent renal function progression. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in renal function related to UTI requiring hospital admission (UTI/HA) and the association between UTI/HA and long-term renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective observational study. Renal events and renal function before and after UTI/HA in CKD patients were analyzed for short-term and mid-term renal outcomes. A case-control study with multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and risk of long-term renal outcomes (kidney replacement therapy or death, KRT/death) in adult CKD patients. Results: This study included 1062 adult CKD patients, with 340 KRT and 76 deaths identified during a median follow-up of 105 months. Among 174 patients with UTI/HA, 59 (33.9 %) had bacteremia, 90 (51.7 %) acute kidney injury (AKI), and one in-hospital mortality. There was a faster decline rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after UTI/HA compared to the pre-UTI/HA period [median (IQR) 0.37 (0.17–0.72) versus 0.19 (0.06–0.36) ml/min/1.73 m2 per month, P < 0.0001]. The incidence of UTI/HA was similar between the KRT/death and the CKD non-dialysis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline eGFR, baseline eGFR decline rate and number of hospital admission were significantly associated with an increased risk of KRT/death. Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of UTI/HA on renal function and renal outcomes in adult CKD patients. It demonstrates a high incidence of in-hospital AKI but low mortality, and accelerated deterioration of renal function following UTI/HA. Long-term renal outcomes were influenced by the baseline renal function and progression rate, and the frequency of hospital admission. UTI/HA may be regarded as a potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression. However, there is a need for further analysis to isolate the impact of UTI/HA from pre-existing renal function decline on long-term renal outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125000619Acute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseEstimated glomerular filtration rateKidney replacement therapyUrinary tract infection
spellingShingle Deng-Chi Yang
Jo-Yen Chao
Chih-Yen Hsiao
Chien-Tzu Tseng
Wei-Hung Lin
Te-Hui Kuo
Ming-Cheng Wang
Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
Journal of Infection and Public Health
Acute kidney injury
Chronic kidney disease
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Kidney replacement therapy
Urinary tract infection
title Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
title_full Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
title_fullStr Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
title_full_unstemmed Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
title_short Impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short-term, mid-term and long-term renal outcomes in adult CKD patients – A potentially modifiable factor for CKD progression
title_sort impact of urinary tract infection requiring hospital admission on short term mid term and long term renal outcomes in adult ckd patients a potentially modifiable factor for ckd progression
topic Acute kidney injury
Chronic kidney disease
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Kidney replacement therapy
Urinary tract infection
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125000619
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