A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions

This study investigates the relative benefits of solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with air-source heat pumps for domestic hot water production in newly built residential buildings. Using calibrated DesignBuilder simulations of “The Future Home” located in Energy House 2.0,...

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Main Authors: Christopher Tsang, Ljubomir Jankovic, William Swan, Richard Fitton, Grant Henshaw
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2988
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author Christopher Tsang
Ljubomir Jankovic
William Swan
Richard Fitton
Grant Henshaw
author_facet Christopher Tsang
Ljubomir Jankovic
William Swan
Richard Fitton
Grant Henshaw
author_sort Christopher Tsang
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the relative benefits of solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with air-source heat pumps for domestic hot water production in newly built residential buildings. Using calibrated DesignBuilder simulations of “The Future Home” located in Energy House 2.0, an environmental chamber, the study analyzes energy performance and carbon emissions for eight scenarios: (1) baseline heat pump only, (2) heat pump with 4 m<sup>2</sup> PV panels, (3) heat pump with 4 m<sup>2</sup> ST panels, (4) heat pump with 2 m<sup>2</sup> PV + 2 m<sup>2</sup> ST panels, and (5–8) variants with increased hot water demand. While ST systems directly heat water through thermal energy transfer, PV systems contribute to water heating indirectly by providing electricity to power the heat pump. The results show that the ST system provides 964.6 kWh of thermal energy annually, increasing to 1528 kWh with enhanced hot water demand, while a similarly sized PV system generates 532.5 kWh of electricity. The research reveals that Standard Assessment Procedure methodology’s fixed hot water demand assumptions could significantly underpredict solar thermal benefits, potentially discouraging UK house builders from adopting this technology.
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spelling doaj-art-247828149e514f8482d1a2f96fe533a92025-08-20T02:32:52ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011811298810.3390/en18112988A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled ConditionsChristopher Tsang0Ljubomir Jankovic1William Swan2Richard Fitton3Grant Henshaw4Energy House Labs, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UKEnergy House Labs, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UKEnergy House Labs, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UKEnergy House Labs, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UKEnergy House Labs, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UKThis study investigates the relative benefits of solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with air-source heat pumps for domestic hot water production in newly built residential buildings. Using calibrated DesignBuilder simulations of “The Future Home” located in Energy House 2.0, an environmental chamber, the study analyzes energy performance and carbon emissions for eight scenarios: (1) baseline heat pump only, (2) heat pump with 4 m<sup>2</sup> PV panels, (3) heat pump with 4 m<sup>2</sup> ST panels, (4) heat pump with 2 m<sup>2</sup> PV + 2 m<sup>2</sup> ST panels, and (5–8) variants with increased hot water demand. While ST systems directly heat water through thermal energy transfer, PV systems contribute to water heating indirectly by providing electricity to power the heat pump. The results show that the ST system provides 964.6 kWh of thermal energy annually, increasing to 1528 kWh with enhanced hot water demand, while a similarly sized PV system generates 532.5 kWh of electricity. The research reveals that Standard Assessment Procedure methodology’s fixed hot water demand assumptions could significantly underpredict solar thermal benefits, potentially discouraging UK house builders from adopting this technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2988solar thermalsolar photovoltaicdynamic thermal simulationheat pumpdomestic hot water heatingthe future home
spellingShingle Christopher Tsang
Ljubomir Jankovic
William Swan
Richard Fitton
Grant Henshaw
A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
Energies
solar thermal
solar photovoltaic
dynamic thermal simulation
heat pump
domestic hot water heating
the future home
title A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
title_full A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
title_fullStr A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
title_short A Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems with Heat-Pump Integration in a New-Build House Under Controlled Conditions
title_sort comparative analysis of solar thermal and photovoltaic systems with heat pump integration in a new build house under controlled conditions
topic solar thermal
solar photovoltaic
dynamic thermal simulation
heat pump
domestic hot water heating
the future home
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2988
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