Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context

Abstract Animals need to recognize different individuals, both con- and heterospecifics, to make appropriate decisions. In the wild, responses to familiar individuals may vary depending on the context, which can be beneficial. However, differing responses towards human experimenters can influence ex...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Isabel Damas-Moreira, Lauriane Bégué, Eva Ringler, Birgit Szabo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95936-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850265849395412992
author Isabel Damas-Moreira
Lauriane Bégué
Eva Ringler
Birgit Szabo
author_facet Isabel Damas-Moreira
Lauriane Bégué
Eva Ringler
Birgit Szabo
author_sort Isabel Damas-Moreira
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Animals need to recognize different individuals, both con- and heterospecifics, to make appropriate decisions. In the wild, responses to familiar individuals may vary depending on the context, which can be beneficial. However, differing responses towards human experimenters can influence experimental outcomes. Such effects might be particularly overlooked in reptiles which are frequently viewed as cognitively less advanced. We tested Tokay geckos’ (Gekko gecko) ability to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar handlers in two situations: in a novel situation (exerting physical constraint) and a routine situation (feeding from forceps as during regular husbandry). Geckos showed sex-specific differences towards familiar and unfamiliar handlers in a routine situation, but not in a novel situation, in which they showed individual repeatability. Our results further advance our understanding of reptile cognition revealing important insights into context specific responses in relation to handler identity with implications for experimental animal studies that are rarely considered.
format Article
id doaj-art-245c4e26e8444f5f9ce30c2005d8c13a
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-245c4e26e8444f5f9ce30c2005d8c13a2025-08-20T01:54:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-95936-5Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to contextIsabel Damas-Moreira0Lauriane Bégué1Eva Ringler2Birgit Szabo3Department of Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityDivision of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernDivision of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernDivision of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernAbstract Animals need to recognize different individuals, both con- and heterospecifics, to make appropriate decisions. In the wild, responses to familiar individuals may vary depending on the context, which can be beneficial. However, differing responses towards human experimenters can influence experimental outcomes. Such effects might be particularly overlooked in reptiles which are frequently viewed as cognitively less advanced. We tested Tokay geckos’ (Gekko gecko) ability to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar handlers in two situations: in a novel situation (exerting physical constraint) and a routine situation (feeding from forceps as during regular husbandry). Geckos showed sex-specific differences towards familiar and unfamiliar handlers in a routine situation, but not in a novel situation, in which they showed individual repeatability. Our results further advance our understanding of reptile cognition revealing important insights into context specific responses in relation to handler identity with implications for experimental animal studies that are rarely considered.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95936-5Death feigningFeedingPersonalityReptileSquamataTonic immobility
spellingShingle Isabel Damas-Moreira
Lauriane Bégué
Eva Ringler
Birgit Szabo
Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
Scientific Reports
Death feigning
Feeding
Personality
Reptile
Squamata
Tonic immobility
title Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
title_full Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
title_fullStr Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
title_full_unstemmed Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
title_short Tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
title_sort tokay geckos adjust their behaviour based on handler familiarity but according to context
topic Death feigning
Feeding
Personality
Reptile
Squamata
Tonic immobility
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95936-5
work_keys_str_mv AT isabeldamasmoreira tokaygeckosadjusttheirbehaviourbasedonhandlerfamiliaritybutaccordingtocontext
AT laurianebegue tokaygeckosadjusttheirbehaviourbasedonhandlerfamiliaritybutaccordingtocontext
AT evaringler tokaygeckosadjusttheirbehaviourbasedonhandlerfamiliaritybutaccordingtocontext
AT birgitszabo tokaygeckosadjusttheirbehaviourbasedonhandlerfamiliaritybutaccordingtocontext