Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract

<b>Background</b>: The purpose of this study was to detect proteomic alterations and corresponding signaling pathways involved in the formation of age-related cataract (ARC), diabetic cataract (DC), and post-vitrectomy cataract (PVC). <b>Methods</b>: Three sample types, the a...

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Main Authors: Christina Karakosta, Martina Samiotaki, Anastasios Bisoukis, Konstantinos I. Bougioukas, George Panayotou, Dimitrios Papaconstantinou, Marilita M. Moschos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Proteomes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7382/13/1/7
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author Christina Karakosta
Martina Samiotaki
Anastasios Bisoukis
Konstantinos I. Bougioukas
George Panayotou
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou
Marilita M. Moschos
author_facet Christina Karakosta
Martina Samiotaki
Anastasios Bisoukis
Konstantinos I. Bougioukas
George Panayotou
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou
Marilita M. Moschos
author_sort Christina Karakosta
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: The purpose of this study was to detect proteomic alterations and corresponding signaling pathways involved in the formation of age-related cataract (ARC), diabetic cataract (DC), and post-vitrectomy cataract (PVC). <b>Methods</b>: Three sample types, the aqueous humor (AH), the anterior capsule (AC), and the content of the phaco cassette, were collected during phacoemulsification surgery. The samples were obtained from 12 participants without diabetes mellitus (DM), 11 participants with DM, and 7 participants without DM, with a history of vitrectomy surgery in the past 12 months. The Sp3 protocol (Single-Pot, Solid-Phase, Sample-Preparation) was used for the sample preparation. The recognition and quantification of proteins were carried out with liquid chromatography online with tandem mass spectrometry. The DIA-NN software was applied for the identification and quantification of peptides/proteins. Statistical analysis and data visualization were conducted on Perseus software. Data are available via ProteomeXchange. <b>Results</b>: A very rich atlas of the lens and AH proteome has been generated. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and the non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway were differentially expressed in ARC compared to both the DC and PVC groups. In the PVC group, complement activation was differentially expressed in AH samples, while glutathione metabolism and oxidoreductase activity were differentially expressed in AC samples. Microfilament motor activity, microtubule cytoskeleton organization, and microtubule binding were differentially expressed in the DC and PVC groups in both AH and AC samples. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this study expand the existing knowledge on pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cataract, and suggest possible important druggable targets for slower progression or even prevention of cataract.
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spelling doaj-art-24474e0189d94cbcbd212cbbd49d5bd82025-08-20T01:48:54ZengMDPI AGProteomes2227-73822025-02-01131710.3390/proteomes13010007Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy CataractChristina Karakosta0Martina Samiotaki1Anastasios Bisoukis2Konstantinos I. Bougioukas3George Panayotou4Dimitrios Papaconstantinou5Marilita M. Moschos6School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceBiomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, GreeceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol BS1 2LX, UKSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceBiomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece1st University Eye Clinic of Athens, “G. Gennimatas” General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Electrophysiology of Vision, 1st University Eye Clinic of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece<b>Background</b>: The purpose of this study was to detect proteomic alterations and corresponding signaling pathways involved in the formation of age-related cataract (ARC), diabetic cataract (DC), and post-vitrectomy cataract (PVC). <b>Methods</b>: Three sample types, the aqueous humor (AH), the anterior capsule (AC), and the content of the phaco cassette, were collected during phacoemulsification surgery. The samples were obtained from 12 participants without diabetes mellitus (DM), 11 participants with DM, and 7 participants without DM, with a history of vitrectomy surgery in the past 12 months. The Sp3 protocol (Single-Pot, Solid-Phase, Sample-Preparation) was used for the sample preparation. The recognition and quantification of proteins were carried out with liquid chromatography online with tandem mass spectrometry. The DIA-NN software was applied for the identification and quantification of peptides/proteins. Statistical analysis and data visualization were conducted on Perseus software. Data are available via ProteomeXchange. <b>Results</b>: A very rich atlas of the lens and AH proteome has been generated. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and the non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway were differentially expressed in ARC compared to both the DC and PVC groups. In the PVC group, complement activation was differentially expressed in AH samples, while glutathione metabolism and oxidoreductase activity were differentially expressed in AC samples. Microfilament motor activity, microtubule cytoskeleton organization, and microtubule binding were differentially expressed in the DC and PVC groups in both AH and AC samples. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this study expand the existing knowledge on pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cataract, and suggest possible important druggable targets for slower progression or even prevention of cataract.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7382/13/1/7aqueous humoranterior capsulecataractlensagediabetes
spellingShingle Christina Karakosta
Martina Samiotaki
Anastasios Bisoukis
Konstantinos I. Bougioukas
George Panayotou
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou
Marilita M. Moschos
Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
Proteomes
aqueous humor
anterior capsule
cataract
lens
age
diabetes
title Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
title_full Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
title_fullStr Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
title_full_unstemmed Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
title_short Differential Signaling Pathways Identified in Aqueous Humor, Anterior Capsule, and Crystalline Lens of Age-Related, Diabetic, and Post-Vitrectomy Cataract
title_sort differential signaling pathways identified in aqueous humor anterior capsule and crystalline lens of age related diabetic and post vitrectomy cataract
topic aqueous humor
anterior capsule
cataract
lens
age
diabetes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7382/13/1/7
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