High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range
The increasing demand for high-frequency applications and the widespread use of electromagnetic (EM) waves in communication systems necessitate the development of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This study investigates the structural and shielding effectiveness prop...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Mehriban Emek Ethem İlhan Şahin Jamal-Eldin F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Mehriban Emek Ethem İlhan Şahin Jamal-Eldin F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Mehriban Emek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing demand for high-frequency applications and the widespread use of electromagnetic (EM) waves in communication systems necessitate the development of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This study investigates the structural and shielding effectiveness properties of novel polyaniline (PANI)-based NiO/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> composites for sub-8 GHz applications. NiO and ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> were synthesized via conventional solid-state reactions and combined with PANI to form composites with varying compositions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful formation of single-phase NiO and ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed well-defined microstructures, contributing to enhanced shielding efficiency. Shielding effectiveness (SE) measurements were performed across the 0–8 GHz frequency range using a vector network analyzer. Among the compositions tested, the epoxy-based NiO-ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (75–25% by weight) with a 1:1 PANI ratio exhibited the highest SE value of −41.16 dB (decibels) at 6.24 GHz, demonstrating superior attenuation of EM waves. The observed shielding efficiency is attributed to multiple reflection effects, dipole interactions, and the conductive network formed by PANI. These findings highlight the potential of NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> composites as cost-effective, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation microwave communication and electronic applications. Further optimization and hybridization approaches are recommended to enhance performance for broader frequency bands. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24370ba46f0b477f8fb023d5c53a8d72 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-24370ba46f0b477f8fb023d5c53a8d722025-08-20T02:09:18ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157368910.3390/app15073689High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz RangeMehriban Emek0Ethem İlhan Şahin1Jamal-Eldin F. M. Ibrahim2Department of Physics, Golbasi Vocational School, Computer Technologies, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, TurkeyAdvanced Technology Research and Application Center, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, TurkeyInstitute of Ceramics and Polymer Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, HungaryThe increasing demand for high-frequency applications and the widespread use of electromagnetic (EM) waves in communication systems necessitate the development of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This study investigates the structural and shielding effectiveness properties of novel polyaniline (PANI)-based NiO/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> composites for sub-8 GHz applications. NiO and ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> were synthesized via conventional solid-state reactions and combined with PANI to form composites with varying compositions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful formation of single-phase NiO and ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed well-defined microstructures, contributing to enhanced shielding efficiency. Shielding effectiveness (SE) measurements were performed across the 0–8 GHz frequency range using a vector network analyzer. Among the compositions tested, the epoxy-based NiO-ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (75–25% by weight) with a 1:1 PANI ratio exhibited the highest SE value of −41.16 dB (decibels) at 6.24 GHz, demonstrating superior attenuation of EM waves. The observed shielding efficiency is attributed to multiple reflection effects, dipole interactions, and the conductive network formed by PANI. These findings highlight the potential of NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> composites as cost-effective, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation microwave communication and electronic applications. Further optimization and hybridization approaches are recommended to enhance performance for broader frequency bands.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3689EMI shieldingpolyaniline compositesNiO/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, microwave shieldingelectromagnetic pollution |
| spellingShingle | Mehriban Emek Ethem İlhan Şahin Jamal-Eldin F. M. Ibrahim High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range Applied Sciences EMI shielding polyaniline composites NiO/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, microwave shielding electromagnetic pollution |
| title | High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range |
| title_full | High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range |
| title_fullStr | High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range |
| title_short | High-Performance NiO/PANI/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Composites for EMI Shielding: Structural Insights and Microwave Shielding Effectiveness in the Sub-8 GHz Range |
| title_sort | high performance nio pani znnb sub 2 sub o sub 6 sub composites for emi shielding structural insights and microwave shielding effectiveness in the sub 8 ghz range |
| topic | EMI shielding polyaniline composites NiO/ZnNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, microwave shielding electromagnetic pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3689 |
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