Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions

Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options and a high likelihood of permanent disability. Among the multifaceted secondary injury mechanisms triggered by TSCI, pyroptosis—an inflammatory form of programmed cell death—has emerged as a...

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Main Authors: Lei Shi, Qiheng Qian, Jiding Xie, Taoshuo Yang, Xinyu Zhao, Xiangqi Meng, Jingang Dai, Qiguan Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649790/full
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author Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Qiheng Qian
Jiding Xie
Taoshuo Yang
Xinyu Zhao
Xiangqi Meng
Jingang Dai
Qiguan Jin
author_facet Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Qiheng Qian
Jiding Xie
Taoshuo Yang
Xinyu Zhao
Xiangqi Meng
Jingang Dai
Qiguan Jin
author_sort Lei Shi
collection DOAJ
description Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options and a high likelihood of permanent disability. Among the multifaceted secondary injury mechanisms triggered by TSCI, pyroptosis—an inflammatory form of programmed cell death—has emerged as a key pathological process. In particular, microglial pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in exacerbating neuroinflammation and disrupting tissue homeostasis, thereby amplifying the secondary injury cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathways mediating microglial pyroptosis, including canonical (NLRP3–caspase-1–GSDMD), non-canonical (caspase-11–GSDMD), and atypical (caspase-3/8–GSDME/GSDMC) signaling. We also examine recent therapeutic strategies aimed at suppressing microglial pyroptosis—such as extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems, small-molecule compounds, and gene-targeted approaches—and assess their potential to enhance neurological and motor recovery following SCI. By elucidating both the pathological significance and therapeutic promise of microglial pyroptosis, this review offers novel perspectives on its translational potential as a target for spinal cord injury intervention.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-242062957ead444ead63daa9ddeb2f6d2025-08-22T04:10:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16497901649790Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directionsLei Shi0Lei Shi1Lei Shi2Qiheng Qian3Jiding Xie4Taoshuo Yang5Xinyu Zhao6Xiangqi Meng7Jingang Dai8Qiguan Jin9College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaSuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaExperimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaExperimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United KingdomXuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaSuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaExperimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaTraumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options and a high likelihood of permanent disability. Among the multifaceted secondary injury mechanisms triggered by TSCI, pyroptosis—an inflammatory form of programmed cell death—has emerged as a key pathological process. In particular, microglial pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in exacerbating neuroinflammation and disrupting tissue homeostasis, thereby amplifying the secondary injury cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathways mediating microglial pyroptosis, including canonical (NLRP3–caspase-1–GSDMD), non-canonical (caspase-11–GSDMD), and atypical (caspase-3/8–GSDME/GSDMC) signaling. We also examine recent therapeutic strategies aimed at suppressing microglial pyroptosis—such as extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems, small-molecule compounds, and gene-targeted approaches—and assess their potential to enhance neurological and motor recovery following SCI. By elucidating both the pathological significance and therapeutic promise of microglial pyroptosis, this review offers novel perspectives on its translational potential as a target for spinal cord injury intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649790/fulltraumatic spinal cord injurypyroptosismicrogliainflammationNLRP3GSDMD
spellingShingle Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Lei Shi
Qiheng Qian
Jiding Xie
Taoshuo Yang
Xinyu Zhao
Xiangqi Meng
Jingang Dai
Qiguan Jin
Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
Frontiers in Immunology
traumatic spinal cord injury
pyroptosis
microglia
inflammation
NLRP3
GSDMD
title Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
title_full Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
title_fullStr Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
title_full_unstemmed Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
title_short Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions
title_sort microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury current progress and future directions
topic traumatic spinal cord injury
pyroptosis
microglia
inflammation
NLRP3
GSDMD
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649790/full
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