Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm

The recall rate of the original YOLOv4 model for detecting internal defects in aluminum alloy welds is relatively low. To address this issue, this paper introduces an enhanced model, YOLOv4-cs1. The improvements include optimizing the stacking method of residual blocks, modifying the activation func...

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Main Authors: Yunxia Chen, Yan Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2026
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author Yunxia Chen
Yan Wu
author_facet Yunxia Chen
Yan Wu
author_sort Yunxia Chen
collection DOAJ
description The recall rate of the original YOLOv4 model for detecting internal defects in aluminum alloy welds is relatively low. To address this issue, this paper introduces an enhanced model, YOLOv4-cs1. The improvements include optimizing the stacking method of residual blocks, modifying the activation functions for different convolutional layers, and eliminating the downsampling layer in the PANet (Pyramid Attention Network) to preserve edge information. Building on these enhancements, the YOLOv4-cs2 model further incorporates an improved Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) module after the third and fourth residual blocks. The experimental results demonstrate that the recall rates for pore and slag inclusion detection using the YOLOv4-cs1 and YOLOv4-cs2 models increased by 28.9% and 16.6%, and 45% and 25.2%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv4 model. Additionally, the mAP values for the two models are 85.79% and 87.5%, representing increases of 0.98% and 2.69%, respectively, over the original YOLOv4 model.
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spelling doaj-art-241de11ea3e141d98c8bb7274ae4f0d72025-08-20T03:12:08ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01154202610.3390/app15042026Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 AlgorithmYunxia Chen0Yan Wu1School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, ChinaSchool of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, ChinaThe recall rate of the original YOLOv4 model for detecting internal defects in aluminum alloy welds is relatively low. To address this issue, this paper introduces an enhanced model, YOLOv4-cs1. The improvements include optimizing the stacking method of residual blocks, modifying the activation functions for different convolutional layers, and eliminating the downsampling layer in the PANet (Pyramid Attention Network) to preserve edge information. Building on these enhancements, the YOLOv4-cs2 model further incorporates an improved Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) module after the third and fourth residual blocks. The experimental results demonstrate that the recall rates for pore and slag inclusion detection using the YOLOv4-cs1 and YOLOv4-cs2 models increased by 28.9% and 16.6%, and 45% and 25.2%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv4 model. Additionally, the mAP values for the two models are 85.79% and 87.5%, representing increases of 0.98% and 2.69%, respectively, over the original YOLOv4 model.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2026weld defectsdeep learningtarget detectionYOLOv4
spellingShingle Yunxia Chen
Yan Wu
Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
Applied Sciences
weld defects
deep learning
target detection
YOLOv4
title Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
title_full Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
title_fullStr Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
title_short Detection of Welding Defects Tracked by YOLOv4 Algorithm
title_sort detection of welding defects tracked by yolov4 algorithm
topic weld defects
deep learning
target detection
YOLOv4
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2026
work_keys_str_mv AT yunxiachen detectionofweldingdefectstrackedbyyolov4algorithm
AT yanwu detectionofweldingdefectstrackedbyyolov4algorithm